Geography GK Questions with Answers – Page 67

The Himalayas are the youngest mountains in India. They are fold mountains, thrown up where the Indian plate pushed into the Eurasian plate and crumpled the sediments of the old Tethys Sea between them.

The Tropic of Capricorn runs at about 23.5 degrees south and misses Uruguay, which lies further south between roughly 30 and 35 degrees.

The south-west monsoon splits over the sea into two arms, and Punjab is one of the few places where both reach.

Albedo is the share of incoming sunlight a surface reflects back, and fresh snow reflects the most of any natural surface on land.

An isohaline joins points of equal salinity on a map, and the name comes from the Greek halos, meaning salt.

The polar front jet is strongest in winter, not in summer, so this statement is the incorrect one. A jet stream is a fast, narrow ribbon of westerly wind in the upper troposphere, and its speed depends on the temperature contrast across the front below it.

The Kolkata port, now named Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port, stands on the Hooghly river about 200 kilometres inland from the Bay of Bengal, which makes it the only riverine major port in the country.

In intercropping two or more crops are grown together on the same field at the same time, but sown in a definite pattern of rows, such as a few rows of soyabean between rows of maize, or bajra with lobia.

In the troposphere the air is warmed mainly from below: the earth absorbs incoming short-wave insolation and then heats the layer of air touching it by conduction, radiation and convection.

Salinity rises where water leaves as vapour and falls where fresh water is added.

The works, begun in the time of the Mysore state and later named after Sir M. Visvesvaraya, lies on the Bhadra river and is remembered in geography as the plant that uses electricity generated from water power, along with charcoal from the nearby forests, because the region has no coking…

An agro-based industry uses a farm product as its raw material, and sugar is made from sugarcane, which is why the mills stand in the cane belts of Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu; cotton textiles, jute, vegetable oil, tea and paper from bagasse belong to the same class.

Because their raw material is light, valuable and easy to move, and because they need little power or water, such units are free of the usual pulls of ore, coal and bulky material; electronics, computer assembly, diamond cutting and software are the standard examples, and they depend mainly on skilled…

The city has a very large number of cotton textile mills and hosiery units, helped by cotton grown nearby, the hydel power of the Western Ghats and a long tradition of engineering workshops that make textile machinery, and so it is called the Manchester of South India, as Ahmedabad is…

Rishra stands on the Hugli near Kolkata, and the mill set up there in 1855 began an industry that is still packed into a narrow belt along that river.

The first successful cotton textile mill began work there in 1854, and the city had every advantage the industry needed: cotton from the black soil of the Deccan, a port through which machinery arrived, capital from its merchants, a humid climate that suited spinning, and workers from the surrounding districts.

The Tata Iron and Steel Company set up its works there in 1907, choosing the site because iron ore, coal, manganese and limestone all lay within a short distance in the Chota Nagpur region, water was available from the Subarnarekha and Kharkai rivers, and the railway ran to the port…

Rourkela stands in the Sundargarh district of Odisha, on the Brahmani river, and was built in the Second Five Year Plan with German collaboration; it drew iron ore from the Odisha deposits, coal from the Jharia belt and limestone from Purnapani.

Of the three integrated plants taken up in the Second Five Year Plan, Bhilai in what is now Chhattisgarh was built with Soviet help, and the later plant at Bokaro in Jharkhand came up with Soviet help as well, so the two Soviet plants are Bhilai and Bokaro.

An industrial city does not stand alone: the country around it supplies food for its workers, agricultural raw material such as cotton, cane, oilseed and jute for its mills, and labour from the villages, while the city in turn sells manufactured goods and services back to that countryside.