Geography GK Questions with Answers – Page 51

Below Prayagraj the Ganga receives the Gomati first, then the Ghaghara, then the Gandak and finally the Kosi as it flows east.

These two neighbouring West African countries grow well over half of the world's cocoa. Cocoa is a tropical tree crop that needs heavy, well-spread rainfall, high humidity, temperatures of about 21 to 32 °C and shade, which is why it grows best within about 10 degrees of the Equator.

A homolographic or equal-area projection keeps the ratio of areas on the map the same as on the globe, which is why world distribution maps of population, crops or forests are drawn on projections such as Mollweide's or the sinusoidal.

A cadastral map is a very large-scale map of a village or a town drawn to register plots, fields, their boundaries and their owners, and it is the basis of land revenue records and of the registration of property.

It is usually expressed as the ground size of one pixel, so a sensor of one metre resolution can separate objects about a metre across, which is what makes high-resolution imagery useful for urban mapping.

The National Remote Sensing Centre, a centre of the Indian Space Research Organisation, works from Hyderabad and operates the earth station at Shadnagar nearby, where data from Indian and foreign satellites is received.

At that height a satellite's orbital period equals the period of the earth's rotation, so it stays above the same point on the equator and appears fixed in the sky, which is what communication and weather satellites need.

An active sensor generates its own energy, sends it to the target and measures what returns; RADAR does this with microwaves and LiDAR with a laser pulse, which is why such sensors can image at night and, in the case of microwaves, through cloud, haze and smoke.

It was the first satellite of the Indian Remote Sensing series and marked the beginning of operational earth observation for agriculture, forestry, water resources and land use in India.

Since the contour interval is constant on a sheet, the horizontal distance between two contours measures how far one must walk to rise by that fixed height; a short distance therefore means a rapid rise, that is a steep slope.

An isohyet joins points receiving the same amount of precipitation over a stated period, and rainfall maps of India are drawn with isohyets to mark the wet and dry belts.

Mercator's is a cylindrical projection on which both parallels and meridians are straight lines crossing at right angles, and it is orthomorphic or conformal, meaning that shapes are true locally and a rhumb line of constant bearing plots as a straight line.

The contour interval chosen for a sheet depends chiefly on its scale and on the relief of the ground: a large-scale map can carry closely spaced contours without the lines running into each other, so a small interval is both possible and desirable.

The representative fraction is a pure ratio without units, so one unit of length on the map stands for fifty thousand of the same units on the ground; it can be read in centimetres, inches or any other unit, which is why it is understood everywhere.

Sudbury in Ontario, Canada, works a nickel and copper deposit of the Canadian Shield formed in an ancient impact structure, and it is the first name in any question on nickel, with Norilsk in Russia and New Caledonia in the Pacific as the others.

Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana and Nigeria grow most of the world's cocoa, on small farms under shade trees in the hot, wet equatorial belt along the Gulf of Guinea.

All three are temperate grasslands with 50 to 75 centimetres of rain, a cool moist growing season and a warm dry harvest, which is exactly what wheat needs, and all three are farmed on large mechanised holdings for export.

The Corn Belt lies in the central lowland of the United States, where warm summer nights, 50 to 100 centimetres of summer rain and deep well-drained loam suit maize, and most of the crop is fed to pigs and cattle, so the belt is also a livestock and meat region.

The rubber tree is native to the equatorial forests of Brazil, and the boom of the nineteenth century made Manaus a wealthy city.

The practice means clearing a patch of forest, burning the slash for ash, cropping it for two or three years until the soil is exhausted and then moving to a fresh patch.