Computer Awareness GK Questions with Answers – Page 21

A worm carries its own code, finds other machines through the network and copies itself to them without any help from the user, which is why worms can spread across the world in hours.

The triad names the three goals of information security: confidentiality, that only authorised people can read the data; integrity, that the data is complete and unaltered from the moment it was created or sent; and availability, that the system works when an authorised user needs it.

The correct answer is D, all of the above, because cyber security is not one activity but a programme that covers all three.

A botnet is built by infecting many connected devices, each of which becomes a zombie obeying a single controller; the network so assembled is then rented out or used for spam, fraud or a flood of traffic.

A firewall sits between a trusted internal network and the untrusted world outside, inspects the traffic crossing it and permits only what its rules allow, dropping the rest; it may be a hardware appliance, a software program or both together.

Phishing sends a message that looks as if it came from a bank, an employer or a government office, and asks the reader to confirm a password, a card number or a one-time password on a page that belongs to the attacker; the target of the attack is the person…

In a database such as Microsoft Access, the view that shows a table as rows and columns, looking like a spreadsheet grid, is called Datasheet view.

WORM describes a storage medium on which data can be written a single time and after that only read, never altered or erased.

In the business to consumer model a firm sells goods or services directly to the person who will use them, and Amazon's retail store is the best known example: a shopper opens the site or the app, puts an item in the cart and buys it, with no wholesaler or…

System software is the software that runs the machine itself. It manages the processor, the memory, the disk and the attached devices, and it gives other programs a platform on which to run.

The format is named after the committee of experts that drew up the standard, which was published in 1992 for compressing photographs.

Netscape Navigator, released in 1994 by Netscape Communications, the company founded by Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark, was the first web browser sold as a commercial product.

An external stylesheet is attached to a page with a link tag written inside the head section, and the tag needs two things: href, which gives the address of the CSS file, and rel, which tells the browser what the linked file is for.

In multimedia, graphics is the broad word for every kind of visual element a computer can store and show, so drawings, photographs, movies and simulations all sit inside it.

The OSI model has seven layers and they are numbered from the bottom upwards, so Layer 1 is the physical layer, the one that actually carries bits over a copper cable, an optical fibre or a radio link.

One byte holds eight bits, and each bit can be either 0 or 1, so the number of different patterns is 2 raised to the power 8, that is 256.

Hexadecimal has base 16 and therefore needs sixteen different symbols. The digits 0 to 9 serve for the first ten values, and because no single digit exists for the values 10 to 15, the letters A to F are borrowed.

The 2's complement is found in two steps. First take the 1's complement by changing every 0 to 1 and every 1 to 0; for 1010 this gives 0101.

ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. In its standard form it is a seven-bit code, so it can represent 2 raised to the power 7, that is 128 different characters: the English capital and small letters, the ten digit symbols, punctuation marks and a set of control…

To convert a binary number to decimal, write the place values from the right as 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and so on, multiply each bit by its place value and add the results.