NDA GK Questions 2026

The Banihal Pass crosses the Pir Panjal range and is the gateway between the Jammu region and the Kashmir valley, carrying the Jammu to Srinagar national highway at a height of about 2832 metres.

Gamma rays are electromagnetic waves of the highest frequency and shortest wavelength, given out by the nucleus of a radioactive atom and in nuclear reactions, and their energy lets them kill cancer cells in radiotherapy.

The principle says a body immersed wholly or partly in a fluid is pushed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid it pushes aside, and that upward force is called buoyancy or upthrust.

The three PARAM Rudra systems dedicated in 2024 under the National Supercomputing Mission went to the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope near Pune for radio astronomy, the Inter-University Accelerator Centre at New Delhi for research in physics and materials, and the S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences at Kolkata…

The ladder of units rises by a factor of a thousand at each step: a megaflop is a million operations in a second, a gigaflop is a billion, a teraflop is a thousand billion, which is one trillion, and a petaflop is a thousand trillion.

The Top500 list has been published twice a year since 1993 and ranks the five hundred most powerful computer systems that have been measured, using the LINPACK benchmark, which times a machine while it solves a large system of linear equations.

SAGA-220 was built in 2011 at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, and its name stands for Supercomputer for Aerospace with GPU Architecture, the figure 220 marking a speed of about 220 teraflops.

Pratyush was commissioned in 2018 under the Ministry of Earth Sciences and is the larger of the two machines the ministry uses for weather and climate modelling.

A supercomputer is built for scientific calculation on decimal numbers, so the useful measure is how many such operations it finishes in a second, not how fast a single chip ticks.

The National Supercomputing Mission, launched in 2015, is run jointly by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology and the Department of Science and Technology, and the work on the ground is carried out by C-DAC Pune along with the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru.

C-DAC was set up at Pune in 1988 as a scientific society of the central government, with the specific task of designing an Indian supercomputer after the United States declined to supply the Cray machine India had sought for weather forecasting.

He was the founding Director General of the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, set up at Pune in 1988, and he led the team that delivered PARAM 8000 in 1991.

PARAM Ganga was set up at IIT Roorkee in 2022 under the second phase of the National Supercomputing Mission, and it was designed and installed by C-DAC.

PARAM Shivay was commissioned in 2019 at the Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, and it was the first supercomputer assembled within India under the National Supercomputing Mission.

PARAM 8000 was built by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing at Pune and was unveiled in 1991, three years after C-DAC itself was set up in 1988.

The transmitter of an optical fibre link must be small enough to couple light into a core a few micrometres across, must switch on and off millions or billions of times a second, and must emit in a narrow band of wavelengths; a light-emitting diode meets these conditions, and for…

At the receiving end of an optical fibre link the light pulses must be turned back into an electrical signal, and that is the work of a photodiode, a reverse-biased junction in which incident photons generate charge carriers and so a current proportional to the light falling on it; PIN…

A fibre-to-the-home connection runs from the operator's equipment to the subscriber's premises over a distance of kilometres, and for such runs single-mode fibre is used: its core is only a few micrometres wide, so light travels along one path, there is no spreading of the pulse from different paths arriving…

In an optical fibre the glass core has a higher refractive index than the cladding around it, so light that meets the core-cladding boundary at an angle greater than the critical angle is reflected entirely back into the core instead of passing out, and it travels along the fibre in…

The International Telecommunication Union has adopted the framework recommendation for IMT-2030, which describes what 6G should achieve: terahertz and other very high frequency bands, latency below a millisecond, artificial intelligence built into the network, communication combined with sensing, satellite-extended coverage and better energy efficiency.