Defence GK Questions 2026

The Panditrao was the ecclesiastical head in the Ashta Pradhan, fixing the dates of religious ceremonies, supervising grants to temples and learned men, and punishing offences against religious custom.

The Third Battle of Panipat was fought on 14 January 1761 between the Maratha army led by Sadashivrao Bhau, with Vishwasrao the Peshwa's son, and Ahmad Shah Abdali, also called Durrani, supported by the Rohillas and the Nawab of Awadh.

The Amatya, also called the Majumdar, kept the accounts of the kingdom and checked the income and expenditure of every district, which makes him the finance member of the eight.

Tanaji led the night assault that recovered the fort of Kondana from the Mughal garrison in 1670 and was killed in the fighting.

The Third Anglo-Maratha War of 1817 to 1818 was settled by a set of separate treaties with the Maratha houses, and the one with the Holkar chief of Indore was signed at Mandsaur, or Mandeshwar, in January 1818.

It is a molecule of sixty carbon atoms arranged in a closed cage of pentagons and hexagons, exactly like the panels of a football, and it is named after the architect who designed domes of the same geometry.

Ethanoic acid, better known as acetic acid and familiar as vinegar in dilute form, has the formula CH3COOH, and the -COOH group at the end is what makes it acidic, since it releases a hydrogen ion in water and turns blue litmus red.

Vegetable oils contain unsaturated chains with carbon to carbon double bonds; hydrogen adds across those double bonds in the presence of nickel or palladium, turning them into single bonds, so the oil becomes saturated and sets into a solid fat.

Going from methane to ethane, or from ethanol to propanol, adds one carbon atom of mass twelve and two hydrogen atoms of mass one each, which is fourteen in all, and it is this fixed step that defines a homologous series.

In graphite every carbon atom is bonded to only three others within a layer, so the fourth valence electron of each atom is free to move along the layer, and moving electrons constitute an electric current.

Catenation is the self-linking of atoms of the same element, and carbon shows it more strongly than any other element because the carbon to carbon bond is short and exceptionally strong, which is why chains of many carbon atoms remain stable.

When enough air reaches the burner, every carbon atom of the fuel is oxidised fully to carbon dioxide and the flame is blue and hot, giving the maximum heat for the gas consumed.

An alkyne contains a carbon to carbon triple bond, which needs at least two carbon atoms, so the series begins with ethyne, C2H2, also called acetylene and used with oxygen in welding.

The prefix di stands for two and the ending ene for a carbon to carbon double bond, so a diene is a hydrocarbon carrying exactly two such bonds; buta-1,3-diene, the raw material of synthetic rubber, is the standard example.

Hexane, C6H14, can be drawn as a straight chain of six carbons, as two chains of five carbons with a methyl branch in different positions, and as two chains of four carbons carrying branches, which gives five different structures with the same molecular formula.

Liquefied petroleum gas is a mixture of these two saturated hydrocarbons, which are gases at ordinary pressure but turn liquid under moderate pressure, so a large quantity of fuel fits into a small cylinder; a strong-smelling compound is added so that a leak is noticed.

It grew out of a department for non-conventional energy sources created in 1982, became a full ministry in 1992 and took its present name in 2006, and India is among the very few countries in the world to have a separate ministry devoted to this sector.

Projects of this size and below fall under the small hydro programme of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, while larger schemes are handled as conventional hydro power by the Ministry of Power.

The plan set out eight missions covering solar energy, enhanced energy efficiency, sustainable habitat, water, the Himalayan ecosystem, a green India, sustainable agriculture and strategic knowledge for climate change, and every later programme in this field refers back to it.

Both are long, narrowing inlets on the coast of Gujarat, and such a shape funnels the incoming tide so that the difference between high and low water is large, which is exactly what a tidal power scheme needs; the Sundarbans coast is the other site usually named.