CDS GK Questions 2026

In this 2010 judgment the Supreme Court traced the history of PIL and, worried that the device was being used for publicity, private profit and political rivalry, compiled a set of directions for the courts.

Both sat on the Supreme Court in the late nineteen seventies and early eighties, both wrote the judgments that relaxed locus standi and accepted letters as petitions, and both pushed free legal aid and prison reform through the court.

The Court also warned in the same judgment that a PIL must not be used to settle a personal score, and it dismissed the petition on that ground.

Epistolary jurisdiction is the practice by which the Supreme Court, and later the High Courts, treated a simple letter or postcard describing a violation of rights as a formal writ petition, dispensing with the usual requirements of form, court fee and a lawyer.

It says that the Supreme Court in the exercise of its jurisdiction may pass such decree or make such order as is necessary for doing complete justice in any cause or matter pending before it, and that such a decree is enforceable throughout India.

The petition followed the gang rape of a social worker in rural Rajasthan who had tried to stop a child marriage.

The phrase travelled into Indian constitutional writing and now describes a court that reads rights expansively, fills a legislative vacuum and supervises the executive until a constitutional duty is discharged.

Often called the Mini Constitution because of the number of provisions it touched, it added several Directive Principles, among them Article 39A on equal justice and free legal aid, Article 43A on worker participation in management and Article 48A on the protection of the environment, forests and wildlife.

It is a Directive Principle that requires the State to secure a legal system which promotes justice on the basis of equal opportunity, and in particular to provide free legal aid by suitable legislation or schemes so that no citizen is denied the opportunity to secure justice by reason of…

The Supreme Court held that where a legal wrong is caused to a person or a class of persons who cannot approach the court because of poverty, disability or a socially disadvantaged position, any member of the public acting in good faith may move the court on their behalf.

Decided in 1979, it arose from a newspaper report on undertrial prisoners in Bihar who had been in jail awaiting trial for longer than the maximum sentence their alleged offences carried.

Habeas corpus is Latin for you may have the body. A High Court under Article 226, and the Supreme Court under Article 32, issues it to the person or authority holding someone in custody, ordering that the detenu be produced before the court so that the legality of the detention…

. The Act of 1919 did not make the Central Executive responsible to the Legislature; the Governor-General and his Executive Council stayed answerable only to the British Parliament.

. Under MPLADS an MP only recommends works; the district authority sanctions, executes and completes them.

The Moderates never demanded universal adult franchise; they asked only for a larger share for educated Indians in the legislative councils.

Annie Besant founded the Central Hindu College (with its school) at Benaras in 1898, and it later became the nucleus of Banaras Hindu University.

Statements 1 and 3 are correct; statement 2 is wrong because the woman surrounded by lotuses and elephants is a different figure, usually identified as Gajalakshmi or Maya.

The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 brought together the Factories Act, 1948, the Plantations Labour Act, 1951 and other laws on safety and working conditions.

Only statement 3 is correct: the acid must be added slowly to water, and dilution lowers the concentration of hydronium ions per unit volume.

Nattar does not mean a male serpent deity; the nattar were the members of the nadu, the assembly of a group of villages in early medieval Tamil Nadu.