IBPS GK Questions 2026

Electromagnetic interference acts on moving charge, so any medium that carries a signal as an electric current can pick up noise from motors, fluorescent lamps, lightning and nearby cables.

The fibre has a core of higher refractive index surrounded by a cladding of lower refractive index. Light that enters the core and meets the boundary at an angle greater than the critical angle is reflected entirely back into the core, with none of it refracted away into the cladding.

In frequency division multiplexing each channel is given its own slice of the frequency band, and a small unused strip called a guard band is left between two neighbouring channels so that one does not spill into the next.

At the transmitting end of a fibre link the electrical signal must be turned into light, and the two devices that do it are the light-emitting diode and the laser diode.

An optical fibre carries information as pulses of light, not as an electric current, so its core and cladding must be transparent and not conducting.

The seven voyages of Sindbad belong to the Arabian Nights, a collection of tales in Arabic that grew over many centuries from Persian, Indian and Arab sources and has no single author; the same is true of Aladdin and Ali Baba.

A British naval intelligence officer during the Second World War, Fleming turned his experience into fiction and introduced James Bond, the agent with the code number 007, in Casino Royale in 1953, following it with eleven more novels and two collections of stories.

Victor Frankenstein is a student of natural philosophy who assembles a being from dead matter and gives it life, then abandons it in horror; the being itself is never named in the novel and is called the creature, the being or the daemon.

Published from 1888, Chandrakanta tells of the princess Chandrakanta and prince Virendra Singh and of the ayyars, the shape-shifting spies who serve them, moving through a tilism, an enchanted maze of traps and illusions.

He invented the small south Indian town of Malgudi and set almost all his fiction there, beginning with Swami and Friends in 1935, whose schoolboy hero gave the collection Malgudi Days its world.

He created Chacha Chaudhary, the small turbaned old man whose brain is said to work faster than a computer, and his giant companion Sabu from the planet Jupiter, and the strip became one of the most widely read Indian comics in Hindi and in many other languages.

Born in Bombay, Kipling created the boy Mowgli, raised by wolves in the Seoni forests of central India, along with the tiger Shere Khan, the bear Baloo, the panther Bagheera and the python Kaa, in The Jungle Book of 1894.

Published in 1936, Godan is the best known novel of Munshi Premchand, the pen name of Dhanpat Rai Srivastava, and it follows the peasant Hori and his wife Dhania as their small ambition of owning a cow is destroyed by debt, caste and the demands of the landlord.

The film-maker was also a prolific writer for young readers in Bengali, and he created Pradosh Chandra Mitra, called Feluda, who solves cases with his cousin Topshe and the thriller writer Lalmohan Ganguly, nicknamed Jatayu.

The Scottish physician and writer introduced Holmes in A Study in Scarlet in 1887 and went on to write four novels and more than fifty short stories about him, narrated by Dr John Watson, with the address 221B Baker Street in London.

Oliver Twist, published in instalments from 1837, is his second novel and follows an orphan boy from a workhouse into a gang of young thieves in London, giving English the figures of Fagin, the Artful Dodger and Bill Sikes.

In his Principles of Economics he defined consumer surplus as the difference between what a buyer is willing to pay for a good and what he actually pays, and he also gave the standard measure of elasticity of demand, which is why his name attaches to both ideas.

A duopoly is the limiting case of oligopoly in which only two firms supply the whole market, so each one frames its price and output with a direct eye on the other.

A monopoly is a market with one seller whose product has no close substitute, so the firm is the industry and is a price maker: it chooses the price and lets the market decide the quantity, or the reverse.

The market clears where the demand and supply curves cut each other, that is where the quantity buyers wish to buy is exactly the quantity sellers wish to sell; the price there is the equilibrium price and the quantity the equilibrium quantity.