UPSC GK Questions 2026

It inserted several Directive Principles, among them Article 43A on the participation of workers in the management of industrial undertakings, Article 39A on equal justice and free legal aid, and Article 48A on the protection of the environment.

The code sets up a Worker Re-skilling Fund to which the employer contributes fifteen days' wages for every retrenched worker, and the amount is to be credited to that worker's account within forty-five days of retrenchment so that it can be used while finding new work.

The code extends to all industrial establishments the requirement, earlier limited to public utility services, that no person shall go on strike and no employer declare a lock-out without fourteen days' notice, and the strike must begin within sixty days of that notice.

The code doubles the thresholds of the Factories Act, 1948, the argument being that small units were burdened with compliance meant for larger ones, while the criticism is that many workers now fall outside the factory provisions.

The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 originally provided twelve weeks; the amendment of 2017 raised it to twenty-six weeks for the first two children, and the Code on Social Security carries that provision forward along with a creche facility in larger establishments.

Entry 22 covers trade unions and industrial and labour disputes, Entry 23 social security and social insurance including employment and unemployment, and Entry 24 the welfare of labour including conditions of work and provident funds, so both Parliament and the state legislatures can legislate, and each state notifies its own…

It fixes a floor wage after taking into account the minimum living standards of a worker, and may set different floor wages for different geographical areas; no state may then fix a minimum wage below that floor.

It defines a gig worker as one who works outside a traditional employer-employee relationship, a platform worker as one who gets work through an online platform, and an aggregator as the digital intermediary that connects buyer and seller, and it provides a social security fund for such workers.

The code raises the threshold from the earlier figure and also makes three hundred the point at which certified standing orders become compulsory, so one number serves two provisions.

These three Acts dealt with the registration of unions, the conditions of service to be published as standing orders, and the machinery for disputes, lay-off, retrenchment and closure, and all three subjects are now in one code.

The four codes subsume twenty-nine central labour enactments: four in the Code on Wages, three in the Industrial Relations Code, nine in the Code on Social Security and thirteen in the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code.

A homolographic or equal-area projection keeps the ratio of areas on the map the same as on the globe, which is why world distribution maps of population, crops or forests are drawn on projections such as Mollweide's or the sinusoidal.

A cadastral map is a very large-scale map of a village or a town drawn to register plots, fields, their boundaries and their owners, and it is the basis of land revenue records and of the registration of property.

It is usually expressed as the ground size of one pixel, so a sensor of one metre resolution can separate objects about a metre across, which is what makes high-resolution imagery useful for urban mapping.

The National Remote Sensing Centre, a centre of the Indian Space Research Organisation, works from Hyderabad and operates the earth station at Shadnagar nearby, where data from Indian and foreign satellites is received.

At that height a satellite's orbital period equals the period of the earth's rotation, so it stays above the same point on the equator and appears fixed in the sky, which is what communication and weather satellites need.

An active sensor generates its own energy, sends it to the target and measures what returns; RADAR does this with microwaves and LiDAR with a laser pulse, which is why such sensors can image at night and, in the case of microwaves, through cloud, haze and smoke.

It was the first satellite of the Indian Remote Sensing series and marked the beginning of operational earth observation for agriculture, forestry, water resources and land use in India.

Since the contour interval is constant on a sheet, the horizontal distance between two contours measures how far one must walk to rise by that fixed height; a short distance therefore means a rapid rise, that is a steep slope.

An isohyet joins points receiving the same amount of precipitation over a stated period, and rainfall maps of India are drawn with isohyets to mark the wet and dry belts.