UPSC GK Questions 2026

The nine-judge bench held that the proclamation of President's rule in a state is open to judicial review, that the material on which it rests must be relevant, and that the majority of a government must be tested on the floor of the legislative assembly rather than assessed in the…

In Vishaka v State of Rajasthan the court, acting because there was no statute on the subject, framed binding guidelines for employers, including complaints committees, and these guidelines governed workplaces until Parliament enacted a law on the prevention, prohibition and redressal of such harassment in 2013.

Puttaswamy v Union of India. A bench of nine judges held unanimously in 2017 that the right to privacy is intrinsic to life and personal liberty under Article 21 and to the freedoms guaranteed by Part III, and it overruled the older view taken in the M.P.

Decided in 1992 by a nine-judge bench, it upheld reservation in central services for other backward classes, fixed an ordinary ceiling of fifty per cent on total reservation and directed that the better off among the backward classes, the creamy layer, be kept out.

In the case known as the Fourth Judges Case the court held by four to one that the commission would let the executive influence the appointment of judges, that the independence of the judiciary is part of the basic structure, and that the collegium therefore revived.

That amendment had added clauses to Article 368 declaring that an amendment could not be questioned in any court and that there was no limit on the amending power; the court held those clauses void because judicial review and the balance between fundamental rights and directive principles are part of…

The case arose from the impounding of a passport, and the court held that the procedure by which the state takes away life or personal liberty must be just, fair and reasonable, which read the substance of due process into Article 21 and replaced the narrow view taken in A.K.

Golaknath v State of Punjab. In 1967 an eleven-judge bench held by six votes to five that an amendment of the Constitution is law for the purposes of Article 13, so Parliament could not abridge fundamental rights, and it softened the blow by applying the doctrine of prospective overruling to…

The judgment was delivered on 24 April 1973 by a bench of thirteen judges, the largest ever assembled in the Supreme Court, and the majority of seven to six held that Parliament may amend any provision of the Constitution but cannot damage or destroy its basic structure.

A microlith is a very small blade, usually one to five centimetres long, that was fixed into a handle of wood or bone to make a composite tool such as an arrow, a harpoon or a sickle, and it is the defining tool of the Middle Stone Age at sites…

This Jorwe culture site on the Pravara river in Maharashtra yielded a hoard of solid cast bronze figures, among them a chariot drawn by two oxen with a driver, and figures of a buffalo, an elephant and a rhinoceros, the finest metal work of Chalcolithic India.

This site in the Kashmir valley is the type site of the northern Neolithic, where people dug pits into the ground, roofed them and lived inside, made tools of bone and antler, and buried dogs with their human dead, a custom found nowhere else in the Indian Neolithic.

Bagor lies on the Kothari river in the Bhilwara region of Rajasthan and is the largest Mesolithic settlement known in India, with thousands of microliths, stone floors, human burials and bones of sheep, goat and cattle that give the earliest Indian evidence of animal keeping.

A geologist with the Geological Survey of India, he picked up a stone hand axe at Pallavaram near Madras in 1863, the first recorded Palaeolithic tool from the subcontinent, and his later surveys in the south earned him the name of the father of Indian prehistory.

The correct answer is D, because Jorwe is a Chalcolithic site in Maharashtra that gives its name to the Jorwe culture, not to the Malwa culture, which is named after its own region in Madhya Pradesh and is represented by Navdatoli, Eran and Nagda.

The north-western hill belt of the Sulaiman and Kirthar ranges holds Mehrgarh in the Bolan valley, the earliest village of the subcontinent, where wheat and barley were grown and cattle, sheep and goat were kept about eight thousand years ago.

At this Chalcolithic settlement on the Ghod river in Maharashtra the dead were buried within the habitation area, laid out straight with the head pointing north, and pots with food and water were placed beside them.

The rock shelters of Bhimbetka in the Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh were occupied from the Lower Palaeolithic onwards, and their lower layers have yielded hand axes and cleavers along with the earliest of their paintings.

The Palaeolithic or Old Stone Age is the first and by far the longest phase of prehistory, the time of hunting and food gathering, of hand axes, cleavers, flakes and burins, and of people who had neither agriculture nor pottery.

The Dandi March of 1930 was a protest against the British salt tax, and common salt is sodium chloride, NaCl.