UPSC GK Questions 2026

Muizzuddin Muhammad bin Sam, called Muhammad Ghori, came from Ghur in central Afghanistan, and the Ghurids displaced the house of Ghazni before turning on northern India.

Ghori returned to Ghazni after Tarain and Chandawar and left his trusted slave officer Qutbuddin Aibak in charge of the Indian territories; on the death of Ghori in 1206 Aibak made himself the ruler at Lahore and founded the dynasty that became the Delhi Sultanate.

The Hindu Shahi ruler Jaipal met Mahmud of Ghazni near Waihind, close to Peshawar, in 1001 CE, was defeated and taken prisoner, and the humiliation is said to have led him to end his own life, after which his son Anandpal continued the struggle.

After the second battle of Tarain, Muhammad Ghori turned east and defeated Jaichand, the Gahadavala ruler of Kanauj and Banaras, at Chandawar on the Yamuna in 1194, a victory that gave the Turks the upper Ganga valley.

One year after his defeat, Muhammad Ghori came back to Tarain, drew the Rajput cavalry out with a feigned retreat, surrounded it with mounted archers and destroyed it; Prithviraj Chauhan was captured and the road to Delhi lay open.

In the first battle of Tarain in 1191 the Rajput army of Prithviraj Chauhan III of Ajmer and Delhi broke the Ghurid centre, Ghori himself was wounded and carried away by a follower, and he withdrew to Ghazni.

The Central Asian scholar Abu Rayhan Alberuni came to India with Mahmud of Ghazni, learnt Sanskrit, and wrote Tahqiq i Hind, known as Kitab ul Hind, which describes Indian religion, society, astronomy and mathematics and is the most valuable account of eleventh century India.

The raid on the Somnath temple on the coast of Saurashtra was the richest of all the expeditions of Mahmud of Ghazni and the one for which he is most remembered in Indian history.

The Chach Nama, a Persian translation of an older Arabic account, narrates the rule of the Chach family of Sindh, the attack on the Arab ships at Debal and the campaign of Muhammad bin Qasim, and remains the main source for 712 CE.

He was the Brahman ruler of Sindh who refused to compensate the Arabs for the ships plundered by the pirates of Debal, and he fell fighting Muhammad bin Qasim at Raor in 712 CE, after which Sindh passed under Umayyad rule.

He was the young Arab commander sent into Sindh in 712 CE, who captured Debal, crossed the Indus and defeated and killed Dahir at the battle of Raor, and then took Brahmanabad, Alor and Multan.

The National Intellectual Property Rights Policy approved in 2016 carries this slogan and brings patents, copyright, trademarks, designs, geographical indications, plant varieties and layout designs under a single framework, with awareness, administration, commercialisation and enforcement as its objectives; its implementation was entrusted to a cell under the Department for Promotion…

World Intellectual Property Day is observed every year on 26 April, the day on which the convention establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization came into force in 1970, and each year the organisation announces a theme on creativity and innovation.

The Office of the Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks, with its headquarters at Mumbai, works under the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade in that ministry, and the Copyright Office was also brought under the same Department.

It provides that the mere discovery of a new form of a known substance which does not result in the enhancement of the known efficacy of that substance is not an invention, and therefore cannot be patented; the Supreme Court applied it in the Novartis case concerning a cancer drug.

Under the Trade Marks Act of 1999 a registration lasts ten years from the date of application and may be renewed for further periods of ten years without any limit on the number of renewals, so a brand name can in practice be protected for as long as the business…

The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights is one of the agreements that came into force with the establishment of the World Trade Organization in 1995, and it binds every member to minimum standards of protection, enforceable through the dispute settlement system of the organisation.

The World Intellectual Property Organization was set up by a convention signed in 1967, became a specialised agency of the United Nations in 1974, and has its headquarters at Geneva in Switzerland, where it administers the Paris and Berne Conventions, the Patent Cooperation Treaty and the Madrid system.

Darjeeling tea, grown on the hill slopes of the Darjeeling district of West Bengal, was the first product registered under the Geographical Indications of Goods Registration and Protection Act of 1999 after the Act came into force, and the Tea Board of India holds the registration.

Under the Copyright Act of 1957, copyright in a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work lasts for the life of the author and sixty years counted from the beginning of the year following the year of death, after which the work enters the public domain.