UPSC Civil Services GK Questions 2026

Under this Act a company needed a licence to start a new undertaking, to expand capacity substantially, to make a new article or to change its location, and the schedule to the Act listed the industries covered.

The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1948 made only three fields an exclusive monopoly of the central government: arms and ammunition, the production and control of atomic energy, and the ownership and management of railway transport.

The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 placed every industry in one of three schedules.

Sudbury in Ontario, Canada, works a nickel and copper deposit of the Canadian Shield formed in an ancient impact structure, and it is the first name in any question on nickel, with Norilsk in Russia and New Caledonia in the Pacific as the others.

Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana and Nigeria grow most of the world's cocoa, on small farms under shade trees in the hot, wet equatorial belt along the Gulf of Guinea.

All three are temperate grasslands with 50 to 75 centimetres of rain, a cool moist growing season and a warm dry harvest, which is exactly what wheat needs, and all three are farmed on large mechanised holdings for export.

The Corn Belt lies in the central lowland of the United States, where warm summer nights, 50 to 100 centimetres of summer rain and deep well-drained loam suit maize, and most of the crop is fed to pigs and cattle, so the belt is also a livestock and meat region.

The rubber tree is native to the equatorial forests of Brazil, and the boom of the nineteenth century made Manaus a wealthy city.

The practice means clearing a patch of forest, burning the slash for ash, cropping it for two or three years until the soil is exhausted and then moving to a fresh patch.

The Mesabi Range in Minnesota lies on the western side of Lake Superior, and the ore is carried by lake steamer to the steel towns of the lower lakes, among them Gary, Cleveland and Pittsburgh, where it meets Appalachian coal.

Osaka, in the Kansai industrial region, became the leading cotton textile centre of Japan, helped by a humid climate suited to spinning, a good harbour, cheap labour drawn from the countryside and a large home market, and the comparison with Manchester in England, the original Cottonopolis, is standard in textbooks.

The Witwatersrand basin near Johannesburg has produced a large share of all the gold ever mined, from conglomerate reefs that dip deep underground, and the city of Johannesburg itself grew out of the gold rush of 1886.

Chuquicamata, in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile, is one of the largest open-pit copper mines in the world, and Escondida, in the same desert, is the other name to remember.

Ghawar, discovered in 1948 in the eastern province of the kingdom, has been the largest conventional oil field known anywhere, and it is the field most often named in exams along with Safaniya, the biggest offshore field, also Saudi.

Kiruna lies in Swedish Lapland, inside the Arctic Circle, and works a high-grade magnetite deposit of the Baltic Shield. Its ore is carried by rail to Narvik in Norway, an ice-free port warmed by the North Atlantic Drift, and to Lulea on the Gulf of Bothnia.

A large central vacuole filled with sap presses the cytoplasm against the cell wall, keeping the cell firm, or turgid.

Annelids such as the earthworm, leech and Nereis are the first coelomates in the usual sequence: their body cavity is lined on all sides by mesoderm.

No pathway of respiration in living cells turns glucose into methanol. Glucose is first split in the cytoplasm into two molecules of pyruvate; this step, glycolysis, is common to all cells.

Of the four options, oxygen is by far the most plentiful element; it makes up about 46% of the Earth's crust by mass.

The melting point is the minimum temperature at which a solid melts to become a liquid at atmospheric pressure, not the maximum.