UPSC Civil Services GK Questions 2026

No such privilege exists. Freedom from arrest covers civil cases only, and a member may be arrested in a criminal matter or under a preventive detention law at any time, including on the floor of the House in exceptional circumstances with the permission of the presiding officer.

The Committee of Privileges of the Lok Sabha has fifteen members, nominated by the Speaker, and it examines questions of privilege referred to it and recommends what action the House should take.

As originally enacted, Article 105(3) said that until Parliament defined the privileges by law they would be those of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.

Article 361A protects a person from civil or criminal liability for publishing a substantially true report of the proceedings of either House of Parliament or of a State Legislature, unless the publication is proved to have been made with malice; the protection does not extend to reports of a secret…

Freedom from arrest in civil cases runs through the continuance of a session and for forty days before the session begins and forty days after it ends.

Article 105 of the Constitution deals with the powers, privileges and immunities of Parliament, its members and its committees.

The Charter Act of 1833 authorised the creation of a fourth presidency with its seat at Agra, and the Presidency of Agra was actually carved out of the Bengal Presidency in 1834, taking in almost the whole of what is now Uttar Pradesh; in 1836 the territory was placed under…

After the revolt the Peel Commission of 1859 advised a larger European element, the ratio of Europeans to Indians was raised to about one to two in Bengal and two to five in Madras and Bombay, and the artillery, the arm that decides a siege, was reserved for European troops…

The Government of India Act of 1935 provided for a Federal Court to settle disputes between the centre and the provinces and to hear appeals on constitutional questions, and the court began sitting at Delhi in 1937 with Sir Maurice Gwyer as its first Chief Justice.

The Indian High Courts Act was passed in 1861 and the courts it authorised were actually established the next year, so the three presidency High Courts at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras date from 1862.

The Regulating Act made the Governor of Bengal the Governor General, gave him a council of four, and provided for a Supreme Court at Calcutta, which was established by a royal charter and began sitting in 1774 with Sir Elijah Impey as its first Chief Justice.

The Royal Commission on the Superior Civil Services in India, headed by Lord Lee of Fareham, recommended that direct recruitment to the Indian Civil Service be divided equally between Indians and Europeans and that a Public Service Commission be set up without delay, and such a commission began work in…

The commission appointed in 1902 under Sir Andrew Fraser reported in 1903 and asked for better pay, training schools, the recruitment of Indians as officers and a central agency to collect and share criminal intelligence; the Department of Criminal Intelligence was created in 1903 and grew into the central intelligence…

Passed on the advice of the Police Commission of 1860, this Act gave every province an Inspector General, every range a Deputy Inspector General and every district a Superintendent of Police working under the district magistrate, with the village chowkidar at the base, and that structure is still recognisable in…

Satyendranath Tagore, an elder brother of Rabindranath Tagore, succeeded in the London examination and joined the Indian Civil Service in 1864, nine years after the first competitive examination was held, and served in the Bombay Presidency.

This Act took away the Company's right to nominate its civil servants and threw recruitment open to competition, after which the committee headed by Lord Macaulay in 1854 settled the syllabus and the first competitive examination was held in London in 1855.

Cornwallis, Governor General from 1786 to 1793, is called the father of the civil services in India because he fixed adequate salaries for the Company's servants, forbade them from carrying on private trade or taking presents, and made promotion depend on seniority instead of patronage, which together turned a trading…

Evaporation is the escape of molecules from a liquid surface into the air, and it slows as the air above fills with vapour; when the humidity falls the air can hold more vapour, so the rate of evaporation rises.

High clouds such as cirrus are thin and made of ice crystals; they let most of the sunlight pass through but absorb the outgoing infrared radiation from the surface, so their net effect is to warm.

In convection the heated matter itself moves and carries its energy with it: air near a warm surface expands, becomes lighter, rises as a current and is replaced by cooler air sinking in its place, and the same happens in a pan of boiling water.