State Exams GK Questions 2026

Koppen was born in Russia and worked in Germany, and his training in plant science is the reason his classification uses natural vegetation as the index of climate and sets its boundaries where vegetation belts change.

Koppen set the boundary of the tropical group at a mean temperature of 18 degrees Celsius in the coldest month, the value below which many tropical plants cannot thrive, and the whole of peninsular India as well as both coasts clears it.

Within the dry B group Koppen used two capital letters for the degree of dryness, S for the steppe, which is semi-arid, and W for the desert, which is fully arid, so BShw describes a hot semi-arid climate with a dry winter.

The interior of the Deccan is hot in every month, which gives it the capital A, and it has a long dry season with moderate rain in summer, which gives it the small letter w, the classic savannah combination.

Over most of the Ganga plain the temperature rises steadily through the spring and peaks in May, before the rains break, after which cloud and moisture bring the readings down, and Koppen gave this particular annual march of temperature its own letter.

The capital D marks a cold snow forest climate in which the coldest month falls below minus three degrees Celsius, f marks the absence of a dry season and c marks a short summer with fewer than four months above ten degrees Celsius, and in the standard table for India…

The capital B marks a dry climate, the capital W marks the arid or desert subdivision, h marks a hot climate and the last w marks a dry winter, so the whole code describes the heart of the Thar, the driest part of the country.

This coast lies in the rain shadow of the Western Ghats while the south-west monsoon blows, so its summer is comparatively dry, and it gets most of its rain between October and December from the retreating monsoon and the north-east monsoon, which is exactly what the small letter s records.

The code stands for a monsoon climate with a short dry season: the Malabar coast is hot in every month, so the capital A applies, and it receives extremely heavy rain from the south-west monsoon, leaving only a brief dry spell.

Koppen, who was a botanist as well as a climatologist, held that natural vegetation is the best single index of climate, and he fixed his boundaries using the monthly values of temperature and rainfall that vegetation belts seem to follow.

Breaking stress is the greatest force per unit area that a substance can bear before it snaps, and since both the force and the area are already accounted for in the definition, what remains is a constant of the substance itself, the same for a thin wire and a thick…

The two strips are joined and carry the load together, so they suffer the same strain. Since stress equals the modulus multiplied by the strain, the stress in steel is three times the stress in aluminium.

When the block is released suddenly it falls freely at first, so at the lowest point its speed is zero and all the gravitational potential energy it has lost has gone into the spring.

Once a ductile specimen passes its ultimate tensile strength, the deformation stops being uniform and concentrates in one short length, which draws out into a narrow waist.

The restoring force grows from zero to its final value as the wire is stretched, so the work done is the average force multiplied by the extension, and dividing by the volume of the wire leaves half the product of stress and strain as the energy stored in each unit…

When a wire is pulled it lengthens and at the same time grows thinner, and Poisson's ratio records how large the sideways contraction is compared with the lengthwise extension; it is a pure number, with theoretical limits of minus one and one half and practical values of about 0.2 to…

Elasticity in physics is not the ability to stretch far but the strength of the restoring tendency, measured by the stress needed to produce a given strain, and steel demands an enormously greater stress than rubber for the same fractional extension.

The bulk modulus measures how strongly a substance resists a change in volume under uniform pressure, so its reciprocal measures how readily the volume yields, and that quantity is called compressibility.

It governs the stretching or compression of a wire or rod along its length and is obtained by dividing the force per unit area of cross section by the fractional change in length.

Strain is defined as the change in a dimension divided by the original value of the same dimension, a length divided by a length or a volume divided by a volume, so the units cancel and only a pure number survives.