Who propounded Kashmir Shaivism?
- A.Vasugupta
- B.Abhinavagupta
- C.Ramakantha
- D.Ranganathacharya
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is A, Vasugupta. Kashmir Shaivism, a non-dual (Advaita) school of Shaiva philosophy, is traced to the sage Vasugupta, who lived in Kashmir around the late 8th or early 9th century CE. Tradition holds that he found the Shiva Sutras inscribed on a rock on Mahadeva mountain near Srinagar, and these sutras became the founding text of the school. The system is also called Trika and is known for its Pratyabhijna, or recognition, doctrine, which teaches that the individual self is one with Shiva. Option B is wrong because Abhinavagupta, of the 10th-11th century, was its greatest later teacher and wrote the Tantraloka, but he did not found it. Option C is wrong because Ramakantha was a commentator of the dualist Shaiva Siddhanta school, which differs from the non-dual Kashmir tradition. Option D is wrong because Ranganathacharya is not associated with founding Kashmir Shaivism. Exam tip: Vasugupta founded it with the Shiva Sutras; Abhinavagupta gave it its fullest form.
Practice Questions
View allWhich one of the following statements about the Elephanta Island is correct?
- A.It was given its name by the British after a large elephant structure located there.
- B.It contains one large cave.
- C.It is well-known for a spectacular carving of Vishnu described in the Vishnudharmottara Purana.
- D.It is associated with the Pashupata sect.
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The Elephanta caves are Shaiva rock-cut shrines, and their imagery is linked by scholars to the Pashupata order of Shiva worshippers.
Read the full explanation →The tagline 'Invaluable Treasures of Incredible India' is associated with the logo for
- A.Archaeological Survey of India
- B.India Tourism Development Corporation
- C.Geological Survey of India
- D.Geographical Indications (GI) of India
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In November 2018 the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion of the Commerce Ministry launched a common logo for GI-tagged products with the tagline "Invaluable Treasures of Incredible India".
Read the full explanation →Which one of the following statements about Buddhist Stupas in India is not correct?
- A.Ashoka played an important role in popularizing the Stupa cult.
- B.They were repositories of relics of Buddha and other monks.
- C.They were located in rural areas.
- D.They were located close to trade routes.
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Stupas grew up near towns and along trade routes, where traders and townspeople could visit and fund them. A stupa is a hemispherical mound built over relics of the Buddha or of revered monks.
Read the full explanation →Who was/were the 10th century composer(s) of the Nalayira Divya Prabandham?
- A.Alvars
- B.Nayanars
- C.Appar
- D.Sambandar
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The Nalayira Divya Prabandham, the 4,000 sacred verses of Tamil Vaishnavism, is the work of the twelve Alvars, gathered into one collection in the 10th century.
Read the full explanation →Consider the following : 1. Tughlaqabad Fort 2. Bada Gumbad in Lodhi Garden 3. Qutub Minar 4. Fatehpur Sikri Which one of the following is the correct chronological order of building the above monuments?
- A.3, 1, 4, 2
- B.3, 1, 2, 4
- C.1, 3, 2, 4
- D.1, 3, 4, 2
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The Qutub Minar came first, then Tughlaqabad Fort, then the Bada Gumbad of the Lodi period and last the Mughal city of Fatehpur Sikri.
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