Who among the following stated that 'A just society is that society in which ascending sense of reverence and descending sense of contempt is dissolved into the creation of a compassionate society' ?
- A.Vinoba Bhave
- B.Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar
- C.Rammanohar Lohia
- D.Jayaprakash Narayan
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is B, Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar. The words 'ascending sense of reverence and descending sense of contempt' are Ambedkar's own description of how the caste order works.
Ambedkar called caste a system of graded inequality: each caste looks up with reverence at those above it and down with contempt at those below it. Because every group has someone to despise, the lower castes never unite against the system. For him a just society was one where this graded scale disappears and is replaced by liberty, equality and fraternity, the values he wrote into the Preamble as chairman of the Drafting Committee. He developed these ideas in works such as Annihilation of Caste (1936).
Option A is wrong because Vinoba Bhave is known for the Bhoodan movement and Sarvodaya, not this analysis of caste. Option C is wrong because Ram Manohar Lohia spoke of socialism and the seven revolutions. Option D is wrong because Jayaprakash Narayan is linked with Total Revolution.
Exam tip: 'Graded inequality' and Annihilation of Caste point to Ambedkar.
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