Which one of the following organisms is responsible for sleeping sickness?
- A.Leishmania
- B.Trypanosoma
- C.Ascaris
- D.Helicobacter
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is B, Trypanosoma. Sleeping sickness, or African trypanosomiasis, is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, which is spread by the bite of the tsetse fly.
The disease is found in sub-Saharan Africa. After the bite, the parasites multiply in the blood and lymph, causing fever, headache and swollen glands. In the later stage they cross into the brain and spinal cord, disturbing the sleep cycle, causing confusion and daytime drowsiness, which gives the disease its name; untreated, it is usually fatal. A related species, Trypanosoma cruzi, causes Chagas disease in Latin America and is spread by the kissing bug.
A is wrong because Leishmania causes leishmaniasis, including kala-azar, which is spread by the sandfly and occurs in Bihar and nearby states. C is wrong because Ascaris is the intestinal roundworm that causes ascariasis, spread through contaminated food and soil. D is wrong because Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that causes stomach ulcers and gastritis.
Exam tip: sleeping sickness = Trypanosoma + tsetse fly; kala-azar = Leishmania + sandfly; malaria = Plasmodium + female Anopheles.
Practice Questions
View allThe fact that the planets move around the Sun, not in circles but in ellipses, was first demonstrated by
- A.Galileo
- B.Martin Luther
- C.Johannes Kepler
- D.Copernicus
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In 1609 Kepler showed that the planets move around the Sun in elliptical orbits, with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse.
Read the full explanation →Which one of the following statements is correct?
- A.Urea is produced in liver.
- B.Urea is produced in blood.
- C.Urea is produced from digestion of starch.
- D.Urea is produced in lung and kidney.
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Liver cells turn the toxic ammonia released from the breakdown of amino acids into urea through the ornithine cycle, also called the urea cycle.
Read the full explanation →Which one of the following is the correct sequence of passage of light in a compound microscope?
- A.Condenser-Objective lens-Eyepiece-Body tube
- B.Objective lens-Condenser-Body tube-Eyepiece
- C.Condenser-Objective lens-Body tube-Eyepiece
- D.Eyepiece-Objective lens-Body tube-Mirror
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Light passes through the condenser to the specimen, is picked up by the objective lens, travels up the body tube and reaches the eye through the eyepiece.
Read the full explanation →Which one of the following statements regarding haemoglobin is correct?
- A.Haemoglobin present in RBC can carry only oxygen but not carbon dioxide.
- B.Haemoglobin of RBC can carry both oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- C.Haemoglobin of RBC can carry only carbon dioxide.
- D.Haemoglobin is only used for blood clotting and not for carrying gases.
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It binds oxygen at its iron-containing haem groups and carries some carbon dioxide on its protein chains. Each haemoglobin molecule has four polypeptide chains and four haem groups, and each haem iron can hold one oxygen molecule, forming oxyhaemoglobin in the lungs.
Read the full explanation →Which one of the following statements regarding histone proteins is correct?
- A.Histones are proteins that are present in mitochondrial membrane.
- B.Histones are proteins that are present in nucleus in association with DNA.
- C.Histones are proteins associated with lipids in the cytosol.
- D.Histones are proteins associated with carbohydrates in the cytosol.
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They are the proteins around which DNA winds to form chromatin in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Histones are small basic proteins, rich in the positively charged amino acids lysine and arginine, which attract the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA.
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