Which of the following tag creates a checkbox for a form in HTML?

The correct answer is C, HTTP. HTTP, the HyperText Transfer Protocol, is the application-layer protocol a browser uses to ask a web server for a page and to receive the HTML, images and scripts that make it up. It works as a request and response cycle: the browser sends a request such as GET, and the server answers with a status code, 200 for success, 404 when the page is missing and 500 for a server error. HTTPS is the same protocol wrapped in TLS encryption, which is why banking and login pages show a padlock. Option A is wrong because FTP, the File Transfer Protocol, moves files between a client and a server rather than rendering pages. Option B is wrong because SMTP, the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, is used to send email. Option D is wrong because ARP, the Address Resolution Protocol, maps an IP address to a hardware MAC address inside a local network. Exam tip: HTTP for web pages, FTP for files, SMTP to send mail, POP3 and IMAP to receive it.

The correct answer is B, Point to Point Protocol. PPP is a data-link layer protocol that carries data directly between two nodes over a single link, such as a telephone line, a leased line or a serial cable. It became familiar through dial-up internet access, where a home computer used PPP to reach its service provider, and it survives in broadband as PPPoE, that is PPP over Ethernet. PPP does three jobs: it frames the data, it can authenticate the user through PAP or CHAP, and it can carry several network protocols over the same link. It replaced the older SLIP, which offered neither error checking nor authentication. Option A is wrong because the first word of the name is Point, not Packet. Option C is wrong because the second word is also Point, so packet appears nowhere in the name. Option D is wrong because it replaces both words and is not a protocol name at all. Exam tip: PPP joins exactly two points at the data-link layer, and PPPoE is its broadband form.

The correct answer is C, 11000110. Each hexadecimal digit stands for exactly four binary digits, so a two-digit hex number becomes an eight-bit binary number. Here C is 12 in decimal, which is 1100 in binary, and 6 is 0110. Writing the two groups side by side gives 1100 0110, that is 11000110. A quick check confirms it: 11000110 in binary is 128 plus 64 plus 4 plus 2, which is 198, and C6 in hex is 12 times 16 plus 6, again 198. This four-bits-per-digit shortcut is why hexadecimal is used to write memory addresses and colour codes compactly. Option A is wrong because 10010110 is hex 96. Option B is wrong because 11000100 is hex C4, so its second digit is 4 and not 6. Option D is wrong because 10100110 is hex A6, so its first digit is A. Exam tip: learn the four-bit groups, 8 is 1000, A is 1010, C is 1100 and F is 1111.

The correct answer is D, All of the options. Flash memory, ROM and a hard drive all keep their contents after the power is switched off, and that is exactly what non-volatile means. Computer memory falls into two families. Volatile memory, such as RAM and cache, needs a constant supply of power, so its contents vanish the moment the machine is shut down, which is why unsaved work is lost in a power cut. Non-volatile memory stores data permanently: ROM carries the BIOS and other start-up instructions, flash memory runs pen drives, memory cards and SSDs, and a hard disk records files magnetically on spinning platters. Option A is incomplete, because flash memory is only one of the three examples given. Option B is incomplete, because ROM is non-volatile but so are the other two. Option C is incomplete for the same reason. Exam tip: RAM and cache are volatile; ROM, flash, SSD, hard disk, CD and DVD are non-volatile.

The correct answer is B, RAM is volatile and ROM is non-volatile. Random Access Memory is the working memory in which the operating system, the running programs and the data in use are held, and everything in it is lost the moment the power supply stops, which is exactly what volatile means. Read Only Memory keeps its contents permanently without power, which is why the BIOS firmware that starts the machine is placed there. A is wrong because it treats ROM as volatile, which would make it impossible for a computer to know how to boot. C is wrong because it reverses the two properties, and this reversal is the most common trap set in such questions. D is wrong because RAM cannot be non-volatile; its two usual forms, dynamic RAM in the DIMM slots and static RAM used as cache, both need continuous power, and dynamic RAM even needs constant refreshing.