Which of the following statements about Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar is/are NOT correct ? 1. Vidyasagar's writings significantly helped to develop the Bengali language 2. He received the title 'Vidyasagar' from Presidency College, Kolkata 3. He was enthusiastic about the spread of women's education 4. Vidyasagar defended widow marriage without being convinced about scriptural support Select the correct answer using the code given below :

The correct answer is D, 3 only. The bombs thrown in the Central Legislative Assembly were meant to make a noise and be heard, not to kill anyone.

On 8 April 1929 Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw two low-intensity bombs into an empty part of the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi to protest against the Public Safety Bill and the Trade Disputes Bill. Nobody was killed. They threw leaflets saying that "it takes a loud voice to make the deaf hear", shouted "Inquilab Zindabad" and courted arrest so that the trial would spread their message. Bhagat Singh read Marx and Lenin and was drawn to socialism, and he was a leading member of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association, renamed from the HRA at Feroz Shah Kotla in 1928.

Option A is wrong because statement 1 is true. Option B is wrong because statement 2 is true. Option C is wrong because it marks a true statement as untrue and leaves out statement 3, which is the false one.

Exam tip: Assembly bomb 8 April 1929, Bhagat Singh and B. K. Dutt; HRA became HSRA in 1928.

The correct answer is C, Both I and II. Both statements are correct about the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1920-22.

The special Calcutta session of the Congress in September 1920 accepted Gandhi's programme of non-cooperation, and the Nagpur session in December 1920 confirmed it and changed the Congress creed: its goal became the attainment of Swaraj by all peaceful and legitimate means, replacing the earlier aim of self-government within the Empire by constitutional means. The movement was planned in stages: first the boycott of titles, councils, courts, schools and foreign cloth, and later, if Swaraj did not come within a year and the government turned to repression, civil disobedience including non-payment of taxes. Gandhi withdrew it after the Chauri Chaura incident in February 1922.

A is wrong: statement II is also correct.

B is wrong: statement I is also correct.

D is wrong: both statements are true.

Exam tip: Calcutta (Sept 1920) adopted non-cooperation; Nagpur (Dec 1920) made Swaraj by peaceful and legitimate means the goal.

The correct answer is D, a system of tribunals and a ban on strikes.. The Trade Disputes Act, 1929 set up machinery of courts of inquiry and boards of conciliation and banned certain strikes.

The colonial government passed the Act in response to the wave of strikes of 1928 led by communist-led unions such as the Girni Kamgar Union in Bombay. It created courts of inquiry and boards of conciliation to settle industrial disputes, and it made strikes in public utility services illegal without prior notice, while also banning strikes and lock-outs meant to coerce the government. Along with the Public Safety Ordinance and the Meerut Conspiracy Case (1929), it was part of the British attack on the rising labour movement.

A is wrong: the Act did not give workers any share in managing industries.

B is wrong: it did not hand arbitrary powers to employers; disputes went to official tribunals.

C is wrong: disputes were not referred to any British court.

Exam tip: 1929 = Trade Disputes Act, Public Safety Ordinance and Meerut Conspiracy Case, all aimed at the labour and communist movement.

The correct answer is D, Neither 1 nor 2. Neither statement is correct; both mismatch saints of very different centuries.

Nimbarka was a Vaishnava philosopher of about the twelfth or thirteenth century who taught Dvaitadvaita (dualistic non-dualism) and devotion to Radha and Krishna. Akbar ruled from 1556 to 1605, several centuries later. Kabir lived in the fifteenth century in Varanasi and taught devotion to a formless God, rejecting both Hindu and Muslim rituals. Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi was a Naqshbandi Sufi of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, who opposed Akbar's liberal religious policy, so he could not have influenced Kabir, who died long before him.

A is wrong: Nimbarka lived centuries before Akbar.

B is wrong: Sirhindi came about a century after Kabir.

C is wrong: both statements are false.

Exam tip: Nimbarka = Dvaitadvaita; Ramanuja = Vishishtadvaita; Madhva = Dvaita; Sirhindi = Naqshbandi, time of Akbar and Jahangir.

The correct answer is A, Indian handicrafts were ruined.. The Industrial Revolution in Britain ruined Indian handicrafts in the first half of the nineteenth century.

Machine-made British cloth was cheaper than hand-woven Indian cloth. After the Charter Act of 1813 ended the East India Company's trade monopoly, British goods flooded Indian markets with almost no duty, while Indian goods faced high duties in Britain. Weavers and artisans lost their markets, famous textile towns such as Dacca and Murshidabad declined, and many craftsmen were pushed back to agriculture. Historians call this deindustrialisation. India turned into a supplier of raw cotton and a buyer of British manufactures.

B is wrong: Indian textile mills with machines came only later; the first successful cotton mill opened in Bombay in 1854.

C is wrong: the first railway line, Bombay to Thane, opened only in 1853, and the network spread in the second half of the century.

D is wrong: British goods entered India almost duty-free, which is exactly why handicrafts suffered.

Exam tip: Charter Act 1813 + free entry of British goods = ruin of Indian handicrafts (deindustrialisation).