Which of the following correctly describes an off-stream closed-loop pumped storage scheme?
- A.Both reservoirs lie on a river, stream or nallah
- B.One reservoir lies on a watercourse and the other does not
- C.Neither reservoir lies on a river or perennial stream
- D.Both reservoirs are built inside an existing irrigation canal
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is that neither reservoir lies on a river or perennial stream. Pumped storage schemes are grouped by how their reservoirs relate to natural watercourses, and the closed-loop variety keeps both reservoirs away from them. Option A describes an on-stream scheme, in which both reservoirs sit on a river, stream or nallah. Option B describes the off-stream open-loop type, where only one of the two reservoirs is on a watercourse. Option D is not one of the recognised categories at all. The distinction matters in practice, because the government is trying to identify more off-stream projects: they can be cleared faster, they place a lighter burden on aquatic ecology, and closed-loop schemes have been exempted from the authority's capital expenditure concurrence requirement irrespective of their cost.
Read the full article: Pumped Storage: India Has 7.43 GW Running, 345.38 GW Mapped
Practice Questions
How much pumped storage capacity was operational in India as of August 2026?
- A.4.95 GW
- B.7.43 GW
- C.15.87 GW
- D.26.69 GW
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The correct answer is 7.43 GW, spread over ten projects, each with an installed capacity above twenty-five megawatts.
Read the full explanation →Which region accounts for the highest identified pumped storage potential in India?
- A.Northern Region
- B.Southern Region
- C.Western Region
- D.Eastern Region
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The authority attributes this to the topography of the area and to the steep gradients of rivers that rise in the Western Ghats, since a pumped storage project needs two reservoirs at different heights within a short distance.
Read the full explanation →PM KUSUM, which promotes solar energy in agriculture, was launched in which month and year?
- A.February 2019
- B.February 2015
- C.August 2020
- D.January 2023
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The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan, shortened to PM KUSUM, was launched then to push solar adoption in farming, cut dependence on diesel and let farmers diversify their earnings.
Read the full explanation →Which of the following is another name used for agrivoltaics?
- A.Floating solar
- B.Dual-use solar
- C.Concentrated solar power
- D.Rooftop solar
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Agrivoltaics is also known as agrisolar or dual-use solar, the names pointing to the same idea of one plot of land serving two purposes, growing a crop and generating electricity.
Read the full explanation →As of August 2025, how many operational agrivoltaic projects did India have and of what installed capacity?
- A.26 projects of 27.54 megawatts
- B.36 projects of 37.54 megawatts
- C.46 projects of 47.54 megawatts
- D.36 projects of 137.54 megawatts
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That was India’s operational agrivoltaic fleet as of August 2025, and alongside it 10 pilot projects were under development. These projects are spread across different agro-climatic regions and use elevated structures, interspace layouts and tracking systems.
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