Which is NOT a green house gas in earth's atmosphere?

The correct answer is C, 2070. At the twenty-sixth Conference of the Parties, held at Glasgow in 2021, the Prime Minister announced five pledges that came to be called Panchamrit, the last of which was net zero emissions by 2070, together with targets on non-fossil energy capacity, the share of renewable energy, the cut in projected carbon emissions and the reduction in the economy's carbon intensity. Option A is wrong because 2050 is the year many developed countries and the European Union have adopted, not India. Option B is wrong because 2060 is the year China has announced for itself. Option D is wrong because no major economy has set 2100 as a net zero year; it is far beyond every announced pledge. Papers often ask these three years side by side, so keep India at 2070, China at 2060 and the European Union at 2050.

The correct answer is C, 45 per cent. The updated first Nationally Determined Contribution submitted in August 2022 raised the promise on emissions intensity, the greenhouse gas emitted per unit of gross domestic product, to a 45 per cent reduction by 2030 against the 2005 level. Option A is a strong trap: 33 to 35 per cent was the figure in the original contribution of 2015, which the update replaced. Option B is wrong because 40 per cent was the old share of non-fossil sources in installed electric power capacity, again raised in the update, this time to 50 per cent. Option D is wrong for the same reason: 50 per cent is the non-fossil capacity target, not the intensity cut. Keep the pair in order: intensity 45 per cent, non-fossil capacity 50 per cent, both by 2030.

The correct answer is C, the National Mission for Clean Ganga. That body is the implementing arm of the Namami Gange programme for cleaning the river Ganga, created under the river conservation effort and not under the climate plan; its concern is pollution in one river basin rather than greenhouse gases. Option A is wrong as a choice because the Sustainable Habitat mission is indeed one of the eight, covering energy-efficient buildings, urban transport and waste. Option B is wrong because the National Water Mission is one of the eight, with its 20 per cent water use efficiency goal. Option D is wrong because the Green India Mission is one of the eight, with its two blocks of 5 million hectares. Questions of this kind usually slip in a famous scheme from another programme, so check each name against the list of eight.

The correct answer is B, 5 million hectares. The Green India Mission is written around two halves of 5 million hectares each: new forest and tree cover on 5 million hectares of land that does not carry forest, and an improvement in the quality of the forest already standing on another 5 million hectares, so the mission's total reach is 10 million hectares. Option A is wrong because 2 million hectares is far smaller than either half. Option C is wrong because 8 million hectares matches neither half nor the total. Option D is a careful trap: 10 million hectares is the combined area of both halves, not the afforestation figure the question asks for. The mission is run by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, and it also counts the carbon sink that this cover is expected to create.

The correct answer is D, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. That ministry is the nodal ministry for climate change in the Government of India, coordinates the plan and its reporting to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and itself runs the National Mission for a Green India. Options A, B and C each name a ministry that runs only one of the eight missions: the Ministry of Power handles the National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency through the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy handles the National Solar Mission, and the Ministry of Jal Shakti handles the National Water Mission. The trap is to confuse a mission's ministry with the plan's nodal ministry, so keep the coordinating role separate from the individual missions.