Which Indian institute's researchers were part of the CHIME collaboration behind this detection?

The correct answer is Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment. CHIME is an interferometric radio telescope in Canada, built to map the distribution of hydrogen gas in the early universe so that astronomers can calculate how the universe expands and thereby study dark energy. Options A, C and D are invented expansions assembled from similar astronomical vocabulary, which is the usual way such distractors are framed. Note that the first letter stands for the country that conceived, built and funded the instrument, a point its principal investigator emphasised. Candidates should also register that CHIME works at radio wavelengths and has no moving parts, scanning the sky as it drifts overhead, which is what lets it deliver a daily view of the radio sky.

The correct answer is about two per cent. An accompanying paper examined what the observed signal reveals about the distribution of hydrogen, and co-author Shabbir Shaikh of Arizona State University said the data indicate that roughly this share of the universe's hydrogen was in neutral atomic form at that time, broadly consistent with other measurements. Options B, C and D overstate the neutral fraction by a wide margin and are wrong. The wider point for an aspirant is why this matters: by measuring how that hydrogen is distributed and clustered, CHIME offers a new way to test our understanding of how galaxies form and evolve, which is a separate payoff from its main goal of probing dark energy. Candidates should also note that hydrogen is described as the most common element in the universe and the raw material from which stars form, which is why its faint radio emission works as a cosmic tracer.

The correct answer is 2019. The measurement rests on 94 nights of observation data collected in that year, which is only a small fraction of everything the telescope has recorded since operations began. Options A, C and D are nearby years offered as distractors and do not match the announcement. Two related details are worth carrying alongside the year. First, the finding was not immediate: new analysis and processing techniques were needed to pull the faint signal out of the noise, and the team spent more than a year testing it before publishing in The Astrophysical Journal. Second, researchers now have nearly seven years of observations and are extending the work to when the universe was about three billion years old.

The correct answer is K. Sanjay Murthy, who holds the office of Comptroller and Auditor General of India and attended the launch. He said that audit findings and reports ought to reach citizens in languages they understand, and pointed to the part technology can play in carrying audit information into local and regional languages. Option A, A. M. Bajaj, is wrong because he is the Deputy Comptroller and Auditor General. Option C, Nilotpal Goswami, is wrong because he is the Additional Deputy Comptroller and Auditor General handling official language work. Option D, Amitabh Nag, is wrong because he belongs to the other partner in this launch as Chief Executive Officer of the Digital India BHASHINI Division, which works under the Digital India Corporation in the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.

The correct answer is 36. BHASHINI supports that many Indian text languages. Option B, 23, is the trap here, because it is the number of Indian voice languages the platform supports, a related but different count. Option C, 35, is also drawn from the same set of figures: it is the number of international languages supported. Option A, 22, is wrong because it matches no figure given for the platform, though it may look familiar from other language contexts. Holding the three numbers apart is the point of a question like this: 36 text languages, 23 voice languages and 35 international languages. Beyond languages, the platform powers more than 800 government websites, has enabled more than 9 billion cumulative AI inferences and processes over 24 million inferences a day.