Which among the following are Charvaka Schools of Philosophy? 1. Dhurtta 2. Nyaya 3. Sushikshita 4. Vaisheshika Select the correct answer using the code given below :
- A.1,2 and 3
- B.2 and 3 only
- C.2 and 4 only
- D.1 and 3 only
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is D, 1 and 3 only. Charvaka, also called Lokayata, is the materialist school of Indian philosophy linked with the sage Brihaspati. It accepts perception as the only valid source of knowledge, denies the soul, rebirth and the authority of the Vedas, and holds that the body is made of four elements. Later writers describe two branches of the school: the Dhurtta (crude or cunning) Charvakas, who reduced everything to the body and its pleasures, and the Sushikshita (refined or educated) Charvakas, who admitted a knowing self while the body lives. So statements 1 and 3 are correct. Nyaya and Vaisheshika are separate orthodox (astika) schools: Nyaya, founded by Gautama, is the school of logic, and Vaisheshika, founded by Kanada, is the school of atoms. Option A is wrong because it adds Nyaya. Option B is wrong because it adds Nyaya and leaves out Dhurtta. Option C is wrong because both are orthodox schools. Exam tip: Charvaka = Lokayata, two branches Dhurtta and Sushikshita.
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