We hear an echo due to
- A.Refraction of sound waves
- B.Reflection of sound waves
- C.Diffraction of sound waves
- D.Resonance due to sound waves
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is B, Reflection of sound waves. An echo is sound that bounces back from a hard surface such as a wall, cliff or hill and reaches our ears again.
The sensation of a sound stays in the ear for about 0.1 second. To hear a separate echo, the reflected sound must arrive at least 0.1 second after the original. With sound travelling at about 344 m s⁻¹ in air at 22°C, it must cover about 34.4 m in that time, so the reflecting surface must be at least about 17.2 m away. Sonar, the ultrasound scanner and the echolocation of bats all use reflected sound.
A is wrong: refraction is the bending of sound as it passes between layers of different temperature, which explains why sound carries farther at night. C is wrong: diffraction is sound bending around obstacles, which lets us hear round a corner. D is wrong: resonance is a body vibrating strongly at its natural frequency, not sound returning.
Exam tip: Echo is reflection; the minimum distance for a clear echo is about 17 m.
Practice Questions
View allThe fact that the planets move around the Sun, not in circles but in ellipses, was first demonstrated by
- A.Galileo
- B.Martin Luther
- C.Johannes Kepler
- D.Copernicus
Show answer
In 1609 Kepler showed that the planets move around the Sun in elliptical orbits, with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse.
Read the full explanation →Which one of the following statements is correct?
- A.Urea is produced in liver.
- B.Urea is produced in blood.
- C.Urea is produced from digestion of starch.
- D.Urea is produced in lung and kidney.
Show answer
Liver cells turn the toxic ammonia released from the breakdown of amino acids into urea through the ornithine cycle, also called the urea cycle.
Read the full explanation →Which one of the following is the correct sequence of passage of light in a compound microscope?
- A.Condenser-Objective lens-Eyepiece-Body tube
- B.Objective lens-Condenser-Body tube-Eyepiece
- C.Condenser-Objective lens-Body tube-Eyepiece
- D.Eyepiece-Objective lens-Body tube-Mirror
Show answer
Light passes through the condenser to the specimen, is picked up by the objective lens, travels up the body tube and reaches the eye through the eyepiece.
Read the full explanation →Which one of the following statements regarding haemoglobin is correct?
- A.Haemoglobin present in RBC can carry only oxygen but not carbon dioxide.
- B.Haemoglobin of RBC can carry both oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- C.Haemoglobin of RBC can carry only carbon dioxide.
- D.Haemoglobin is only used for blood clotting and not for carrying gases.
Show answer
It binds oxygen at its iron-containing haem groups and carries some carbon dioxide on its protein chains. Each haemoglobin molecule has four polypeptide chains and four haem groups, and each haem iron can hold one oxygen molecule, forming oxyhaemoglobin in the lungs.
Read the full explanation →Which one of the following statements regarding histone proteins is correct?
- A.Histones are proteins that are present in mitochondrial membrane.
- B.Histones are proteins that are present in nucleus in association with DNA.
- C.Histones are proteins associated with lipids in the cytosol.
- D.Histones are proteins associated with carbohydrates in the cytosol.
Show answer
They are the proteins around which DNA winds to form chromatin in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Histones are small basic proteins, rich in the positively charged amino acids lysine and arginine, which attract the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA.
Read the full explanation →