The Montreal Protocol of 1987 deals with
- A.greenhouse gas emissions
- B.substances that deplete the ozone layer
- C.transboundary movement of hazardous waste
- D.trade in endangered species
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is B, substances that deplete the ozone layer. The Montreal Protocol was adopted under the Vienna Convention of 1985 and sets a timetable for phasing out chlorofluorocarbons, halons and similar chemicals. It is often described as the most successful environmental treaty, and 16 September is observed as the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer.
Option A, greenhouse gases, belongs to the climate regime: the Framework Convention of 1992, the Kyoto Protocol of 1997 and the Paris Agreement of 2015. Option C, hazardous waste moving across borders, is the subject of the Basel Convention of 1989. Option D, trade in endangered species, is covered by CITES, agreed in 1973. Candidates lose this mark by confusing Montreal with Kyoto, so fix the pair firmly: Montreal for ozone, Kyoto for climate.
Read the full article: Environmental Laws and Bodies in India: Acts and PYQs
Practice Questions
View allOne of India's worst industrial disasters of all time occurred in Bhopal on December 1984, in which of the following factories?
- A.Exide
- B.Bharat Rasayan Limited
- C.Union Carbide
- D.UPL Limited
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On the night of 2 and 3 December 1984, methyl isocyanate gas leaked from the pesticide plant of Union Carbide India Limited at Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh, killing thousands of people and injuring many more.
Read the full explanation →The Red Data book which lists endangered species is maintained -
- A.UNO
- B.IUCN
- C.WHO
- D.WWF
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Founded in 1948 and based in Switzerland, it maintains the Red List of Threatened Species, which grades species as least concern, near threatened, vulnerable, endangered, critically endangered, extinct in the wild or extinct.
Read the full explanation →The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) was signed in the year-
- A.2000
- B.2001
- C.1998
- D.1999
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The Stockholm Convention was adopted in 2001 and came into force in 2004.
Read the full explanation →National Clean Air Programme was launched by the Central Government in which year?
- A.2018
- B.2017
- C.2020
- D.2019
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The National Clean Air Programme was launched by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change in January 2019 as a national framework to cut particulate pollution in cities that do not meet the national ambient air quality standards.
Read the full explanation →The Environment (Protection) Act, often described as an umbrella legislation, was enacted in which year?
- A.1974
- B.1981
- C.1986
- D.1991
Show answer
The Act was passed in the wake of the Bhopal gas tragedy and gives the central government a general power to take any measure it considers necessary to protect and improve the quality of the environment.
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