The Montreal Protocol is related to which environmental problem?
- A.Depletion of the ozone layer
- B.Conservation of wetlands
- C.Trade in endangered species
- D.Movement of hazardous waste
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is A, depletion of the ozone layer. The Montreal Protocol was agreed in 1987 under the Vienna Convention to phase out the substances that destroy stratospheric ozone, chiefly chlorofluorocarbons used in refrigeration, air conditioning and aerosol sprays. It is regarded as the most successful environmental treaty because the phase-out actually happened and the ozone layer is expected to recover. Its Kigali Amendment of 2016 added hydrofluorocarbons, which do not harm ozone but are powerful greenhouse gases.
Option B belongs to the Ramsar Convention on wetlands. Option C belongs to CITES, the convention on international trade in endangered species. Option D belongs to the Basel Convention on the movement of hazardous waste across borders. These four conventions, with their subjects and their years, are worth learning as one table, because a question usually offers them as alternatives to one another.
Read the full article: Climate Change and Global Warming: Notes for Exams
Practice Questions
View allWhen carbon dioxide is increased in the atmosphere, it leads to ________.
- A.Global warming
- B.Air pressure
- C.Conservation
- D.Rains
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Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas: it lets in the short wave radiation of the sun but absorbs a part of the long wave infrared radiation that the warmed earth sends back, and radiates it downwards again.
Read the full explanation →The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established in 1988 by which two organisations?
- A.UNESCO and FAO
- B.The World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme
- C.The World Bank and the IMF
- D.WHO and the United Nations Development Programme
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The two bodies set up the panel in 1988 so that governments would have a single authoritative summary of what science says about climate change.
Read the full explanation →The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was adopted at which conference?
- A.The Stockholm Conference, 1972
- B.The Earth Summit at Rio de Janeiro, 1992
- C.The Johannesburg Summit, 2002
- D.The Copenhagen Conference, 2009
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The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, popularly called the Earth Summit, produced the Framework Convention on Climate Change along with the Convention on Biological Diversity and Agenda 21.
Read the full explanation →The Kyoto Protocol, which set binding emission targets, was adopted in which year?
- A.1987
- B.1992
- C.1997
- D.2005
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The Kyoto Protocol was adopted at the third Conference of the Parties held in the Japanese city of Kyoto in 1997, and it came into force in 2005 after enough countries had ratified it.
Read the full explanation →Under the Paris Agreement of 2015, countries agreed to hold the rise in global average temperature to:
- A.Well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, pursuing efforts towards 1.5 degrees
- B.Exactly 3 degrees Celsius above present levels
- C.Below 5 degrees Celsius by the year 2100
- D.No numerical limit at all
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The Paris Agreement, adopted at the twenty-first Conference of the Parties in 2015 and in force from November 2016, commits its parties to holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursuing efforts to limit the increase to one…
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