The Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India chiefly provides exporters with

The correct answer is B, Kandla in Gujarat. The Kandla export processing zone, set up in 1965 beside the port of Kandla, was the first such zone in Asia, and it was later converted into a special economic zone under the Act of 2005. A is wrong because the Santacruz Electronics Export Processing Zone near Mumbai came eight years later, in 1973, and was the second zone in the country, reserved at first for electronics. C is wrong because the Noida zone in Uttar Pradesh was one of the zones set up in the 1980s, well after the first two. D is wrong because the Falta zone in West Bengal also belongs to that later group of zones and was never the first; the examiner usually offers Santacruz as the trap option here.

The correct answer is C, 2005. The Special Economic Zones Act was passed by Parliament in 2005 and was brought into force in February 2006 together with the Special Economic Zones Rules, giving the zones a single law of their own in place of a chapter of the trade policy. A is wrong because April 2000 is the date of the policy announcement made as part of the export and import policy, not of the Act, and this is the commonest confusion in the question. B is wrong because 2003 saw amendments to the customs and other laws for the zones but no separate SEZ Act. D is wrong because 2008 is later than both the Act and the Rules, by which time zones were already being notified under the new law.

The correct answer is B, foreign territory. The law deems a special economic zone to be outside the customs territory of India for trade operations, duties and tariffs, which is why a supply from the rest of the country into the zone is an export and a sale from the zone into the rest of the country is an import attracting customs duty. A is wrong because the domestic tariff area is defined as the part of India outside the zones, so a zone is precisely what the domestic tariff area is not. C is wrong because a union territory is a unit of the political map administered by the Union, and a zone has no such constitutional status. D is wrong because a bonded warehouse only stores goods on which duty is deferred, and it is licensed under the customs law rather than deemed foreign territory.

The correct answer is B, RoDTEP, the remission of duties and taxes on exported products. The earlier merchandise exports scheme was held to be inconsistent with world trade rules because it gave an incentive directly on exports, so it was replaced by a scheme that only refunds the duties and taxes embedded in an exported product which no other scheme refunds. A is wrong because RoSCTL, the rebate of state and central taxes and levies, is confined to apparel and made-up garments and came earlier, in 2019. C is wrong because the export promotion capital goods scheme allows duty-free import of machinery against an export obligation and is a wholly different instrument. D is wrong because the service exports scheme applied to the export of services, not of merchandise, and did not replace the merchandise scheme.

The correct answer is B, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. The Directorate General of Foreign Trade works under the Department of Commerce in that ministry; it issues the importer-exporter code without which no one can trade across the border, administers the Foreign Trade Policy, and exercises powers under the Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation) Act of 1992. A is wrong because the Ministry of Finance, through the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs, collects the duties but does not license traders or frame the trade policy. C is wrong because the Ministry of External Affairs conducts relations with other countries and has no part in issuing trade licences. D is wrong because the ministry for small enterprises promotes that sector, including its exporters, without any power over foreign trade itself.