Rutherford's α-particle scattering experiment on gold foil is responsible for the discovery of :
- A.Neutron
- B.Electron
- C.Proton
- D.Atomic nucleus
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is D, Atomic nucleus. Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed that an atom has a tiny, dense, positively charged centre, which he called the nucleus. In 1909 Geiger and Marsden, working under Rutherford, fired alpha particles at a very thin gold foil. Most particles passed straight through, showing that the atom is mostly empty space; a few were deflected, and about one in many thousands bounced almost straight back. Rutherford explained in 1911 that this could happen only if the atom's positive charge and nearly all its mass were packed into a very small nucleus, with electrons moving around it. This replaced Thomson's 'plum pudding' model. Option A is wrong because the neutron was discovered by James Chadwick in 1932. Option B is wrong because the electron was discovered by J.J. Thomson in 1897 with cathode rays. Option C is wrong because the proton was identified separately, by Rutherford in 1917–1919, from nitrogen nuclei, not by this experiment. Exam tip: Thomson found the electron, Rutherford the nucleus, Chadwick the neutron.
Practice Questions
View allThe fact that the planets move around the Sun, not in circles but in ellipses, was first demonstrated by
- A.Galileo
- B.Martin Luther
- C.Johannes Kepler
- D.Copernicus
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In 1609 Kepler showed that the planets move around the Sun in elliptical orbits, with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse.
Read the full explanation →Which one of the following statements is correct?
- A.Urea is produced in liver.
- B.Urea is produced in blood.
- C.Urea is produced from digestion of starch.
- D.Urea is produced in lung and kidney.
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Liver cells turn the toxic ammonia released from the breakdown of amino acids into urea through the ornithine cycle, also called the urea cycle.
Read the full explanation →Which one of the following is the correct sequence of passage of light in a compound microscope?
- A.Condenser-Objective lens-Eyepiece-Body tube
- B.Objective lens-Condenser-Body tube-Eyepiece
- C.Condenser-Objective lens-Body tube-Eyepiece
- D.Eyepiece-Objective lens-Body tube-Mirror
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Light passes through the condenser to the specimen, is picked up by the objective lens, travels up the body tube and reaches the eye through the eyepiece.
Read the full explanation →Which one of the following statements regarding haemoglobin is correct?
- A.Haemoglobin present in RBC can carry only oxygen but not carbon dioxide.
- B.Haemoglobin of RBC can carry both oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- C.Haemoglobin of RBC can carry only carbon dioxide.
- D.Haemoglobin is only used for blood clotting and not for carrying gases.
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It binds oxygen at its iron-containing haem groups and carries some carbon dioxide on its protein chains. Each haemoglobin molecule has four polypeptide chains and four haem groups, and each haem iron can hold one oxygen molecule, forming oxyhaemoglobin in the lungs.
Read the full explanation →Which one of the following statements regarding histone proteins is correct?
- A.Histones are proteins that are present in mitochondrial membrane.
- B.Histones are proteins that are present in nucleus in association with DNA.
- C.Histones are proteins associated with lipids in the cytosol.
- D.Histones are proteins associated with carbohydrates in the cytosol.
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They are the proteins around which DNA winds to form chromatin in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Histones are small basic proteins, rich in the positively charged amino acids lysine and arginine, which attract the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA.
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