On which date did Indian National Congress pass the Resolution of 'Poorna Swaraj'(total independence) at the Lahore Session?

The correct answer is B, Bhoja the Paramara, the eleventh-century ruler of Malwa who ruled from Dhara, the modern Dhar in Madhya Pradesh. He is credited with the Samaranganasutradhara on architecture and mechanics and the Saraswatikanthabharana on poetics, and with the Bhojashala at Dhar and the great lake and Shiva temple at Bhojpur. Option A is wrong because Mihir Bhoja was the ninth-century Gurjara-Pratihara ruler titled Adivaraha, and confusing the two Bhojas is the classic trap of this chapter. Option C is wrong because Munja, also called Vakpati II, was Bhoja's uncle and a patron of poets but not the author of this work. Option D is wrong because Jayasimha Siddharaja was a Chaulukya of Gujarat, remembered as the patron of the Jain scholar Hemachandra.

The correct answer is B, the Chandelas. The Chandelas ruled Jejakabhukti, the Bundelkhand region, from Khajuraho and Mahoba, and built the Khajuraho group of temples in the Nagara style between about 950 and 1050; the Lakshmana temple belongs to Yasovarman, the Vishvanatha temple to Dhanga and the great Kandariya Mahadeva temple to Vidyadhara. Option A is wrong because the Paramaras ruled Malwa from Dhara and are remembered for the Bhojashala and the Bhojpur temple and lake. Option C is wrong because the Chaulukyas or Solankis of Gujarat built the Sun temple at Modhera and patronised the Dilwara temples at Mount Abu. Option D is wrong because the Gahadavalas of Kannauj and Varanasi are remembered for Jayachandra's defeat at Chandawar in 1194, not for temple building on this scale.

The correct answer is B. In the First Battle of Tarain in 1191 Prithviraja III of Ajmer defeated Muhammad Ghori, who was wounded and carried from the field. Ghori returned the next year with a better organised force of mounted archers, used the feigned retreat to break the Rajput line, and in the Second Battle of Tarain in 1192 defeated and killed Prithviraja, which opened the Ganga plain to Turkish rule. Option A reverses the two results and is the trap in nearly every version of this question. Option C is wrong for the same reason. Option D is wrong because Mahmud of Ghazni raided India between about 1000 and 1027, nearly two centuries earlier, and his best-known raid was on the Somnath temple in Gujarat in 1025 and 1026 in the reign of the Solanki ruler Bhima I.

The correct answer is C, Kannada. The Kavirajamarga, meaning the royal road of poets, is the earliest surviving work on poetics in Kannada and is attributed to Amoghavarsha I, in whose long reign the Rashtrakuta court at Manyakheta became a centre of Kannada and Jain learning. Option A is wrong because the earliest Telugu literary work of this kind belongs to the later Eastern Chalukya court, Nannaya's Mahabharatam. Option B is wrong because Tamil already had the Sangam corpus and the Tolkappiyam, which have no connection with the Rashtrakutas. Option D is wrong because Amoghavarsha's Sanskrit work is the Prashnottara Ratnamalika, a different book, and naming Sanskrit here is the distractor that catches candidates who remember the king but not the language. Remember the pair in both directions: the Kavirajamarga belongs to Kannada and the Prashnottara Ratnamalika to Sanskrit, and both are credited to the same Rashtrakuta king of the ninth century.

The correct answer is B, Krishna I. The Kailasa temple at Ellora, cave sixteen, was cut downwards out of a single mass of rock in his reign in the eighth century and is the largest monolithic temple in the world, dedicated to Shiva and carved with scenes from the epics. Option A is wrong because Dantidurga founded the dynasty about 753 by defeating the Badami Chalukyas but is not associated with the Kailasa temple, though Rashtrakuta work at Ellora began in his time. Option C is wrong because Govinda III is remembered for his northern campaigns during the tripartite struggle. Option D is wrong because Amoghavarsha I is remembered as an author and as the founder of Manyakheta, and crediting the Kailasa temple to him is the commonest error in this question. Ellora is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.