Nkrumah was one of the five leaders, who comprised the core of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). He was the leader of which country in Africa?

The correct answer is A, the Treaty of Allahabad. Signed in 1765 after the Battle of Buxar, it was concluded by Robert Clive with the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II and with Shuja-ud-Daulah of Awadh. Shah Alam II granted the Company the Diwani, the right to collect and administer the revenue of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, in return for an annual payment, and this grant is treated as the legal beginning of British rule in India.

Option B is wrong because the Treaty of Bassein of 1802 brought the Peshwa Baji Rao II under the Subsidiary Alliance. Option C is wrong because the Treaty of Sugauli of 1816 ended the Anglo-Nepalese War and gave the British Kumaon, Garhwal and part of the Terai. Option D is wrong because the Treaty of Madras of 1769 ended the First Anglo-Mysore War with Haidar Ali on terms of mutual restoration.

The correct answer is B, Lord Dalhousie. Charles Wood, the President of the Board of Control, sent the Despatch in 1854 while Dalhousie was Governor-General. It recommended a department of education in every province, universities at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras, a network of schools from the village to the college, grants in aid to private schools and the use of the vernacular languages at the lower levels.

Option A is wrong because Lord William Bentinck is linked to Macaulay's Minute of 1835, which made English the medium of higher education, not to the Despatch. Option C is wrong because Lord Auckland is remembered for the First Anglo-Afghan War and left India in 1842. Option D is wrong because Lord Curzon came in 1899 and is associated with the Indian Universities Act of 1904 and the partition of Bengal in 1905.

The correct answer is A, it created the office of Governor-General of India. The Charter Act of 1833 made the Governor-General of Bengal the Governor-General of India with authority over the Bombay and Madras Presidencies, took away their power to make laws, and added a law member to the Council, a post first held by Lord Macaulay. It also ended the Company's commercial activities and made it a purely administrative body.

Option B is wrong because the Supreme Court at Calcutta was provided by the Regulating Act of 1773 and set up in 1774. Option C is wrong because the office of Secretary of State for India was created, not abolished, and that too in 1858. Option D is wrong because the Permanent Settlement was a revenue measure of Lord Cornwallis in 1793 and had nothing to do with this Act.

The correct answer is B, Lord Canning. The Government of India Act of 1858 ended the rule of the East India Company and transferred power to the British Crown, so the Governor-General was additionally styled Viceroy, the personal representative of the Crown. Canning was in office at that moment, having already faced the Revolt of 1857, and so became both the last Governor-General of the Company and the first Viceroy.

Option A is wrong because Lord Dalhousie left India in 1856, two years before the office of Viceroy existed. Option C is wrong because Lord Lytton came in 1876 and is remembered for the Vernacular Press Act and the Delhi Durbar of 1877. Option D is wrong because Lord Ripon came in 1880 and is remembered for repealing the Vernacular Press Act and for the Local Self-Government Resolution of 1882.

The correct answer is C, Bombay and Thane. The first passenger railway line in India, about thirty-four kilometres long, was opened on 16 April 1853 during the term of Lord Dalhousie, who had set out the plan for an Indian railway network in his Railway Minute of 1853. Dalhousie is therefore called the father of Indian railways.

Option A is wrong because the Howrah to Hooghly line opened the following year, in 1854, and was eastern India's first, not the country's. Option B is wrong because the Madras to Arcot line came in 1856 and was the first in the south. Option D is wrong because Calcutta to Agra was the route of the first telegraph line, also started by Dalhousie, and this pairing of the railway with the telegraph is the usual trap.