In official Indian usage, a pakhwada is a period of:

The correct answer is B, 1 to 7 September. National Nutrition Week is observed by the Ministry of Women and Child Development through anganwadis, schools and health centres to spread the message of balanced diet, and the whole of September is separately kept as a nutrition month. Option A is wrong because 1 to 7 August is World Breastfeeding Week, coordinated by the World Health Organization and UNICEF; the two are close in theme and in shape, which is why they are placed together as options. Option C is wrong because 2 to 8 October is Wildlife Week in India. Option D is wrong because 19 to 25 November is Qaumi Ekta Week, the national integration week. Notice how many of these weeks run from the first to the seventh of a month, and separate them by month rather than by date.

The correct answer is A, 1 to 7 August. The week is coordinated worldwide by the World Health Organization and UNICEF and argues for feeding a baby only mother's milk for the first six months, and for beginning that feeding within an hour of birth. Option B is wrong because 4 to 10 March is National Safety Week in India, which opens on National Safety Day and deals with workplace and industrial safety. Option C is wrong because 14 to 20 April is Fire Service Week, beginning on the anniversary of the Bombay dock explosion of 1944. Option D is wrong because 18 to 24 November is the World Antimicrobial Resistance Awareness Week, a health observance of a different kind, about the misuse of antibiotics. Both August weeks and September weeks concern nutrition, so anchor them by their month.

The correct answer is B, 2 to 8 October. Wildlife Week is observed in national parks, sanctuaries, zoos and schools across India with exhibitions, walks and competitions, and it is coordinated by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. Option A is wrong because the first week of July is Van Mahotsav, the tree planting festival begun in 1950. Option C is wrong and is the closest trap in the list, since 4 to 10 October is World Space Week, declared by the United Nations; both fall in the same October fortnight, so learn the starting dates, 2 October for wildlife and 4 October for space. Option D is wrong because the last week of April is World Immunization Week, which changes its dates slightly each year with the calendar.

The correct answer is A, the first week of July. Van Mahotsav was begun in 1950 on the initiative of K. M. Munshi, then the union minister for agriculture and food, and July was chosen because the monsoon has set in over most of the country by then and a sapling planted in wet ground has the best chance of surviving. Option B is wrong because the first week of June holds World Environment Day on 5 June, a single day and not a planting festival. Option C is wrong because the last week of August has no national plantation observance of this kind. Option D is wrong because the second week of September falls in the nutrition month and carries Hindi Diwas on 14 September. Tie the festival to the rain: monsoon first, planting second.

The correct answer is B, 4 to 10 October. The two dates were chosen for two events: on 4 October 1957 the first artificial satellite, Sputnik, was placed in orbit, and on 10 October 1967 the Outer Space Treaty came into force. Option A is wrong because 2 to 8 October is Wildlife Week in India, and mixing the two October weeks is the commonest error here. Option C is wrong because August holds no space week; National Space Day in India marks a lunar landing and is a separate single day. Option D is wrong because the first week of November has no such observance either. The easy hold is the anniversary of Sputnik: space week opens on the day the space age began.