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GeographyEasyAsked in: CDS · CDS-I 2021, GK

Identify the type of soil on the basis of the given characteristics : 1. They are rich in lime, iron, magnesia and alumina. 2. They are generally clayey, deep and impermeable. 3. They are mainly found in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat. Select the correct answer from the given alternatives:

  1. A.Laterite soil
  2. B.Red and yellow soil
  3. C.Saline soil
  4. D.Black soil

Correct answer

D. Black soil

Explanation

The correct answer is D, Black soil. All three features, richness in lime, iron, magnesia and alumina, a deep clayey and impermeable texture, and a spread over Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat, describe the black or regur soil.

Black soil formed from the weathering of the basalt lava of the Deccan Traps. Its dark colour comes from titaniferous magnetite and humus. It is rich in lime, iron, magnesia and alumina but poor in nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter. Its fine clay holds moisture for long, swells when wet and develops deep cracks when dry, so it is said to plough itself. It is ideal for cotton, which is why it is also called black cotton soil.

Option A is wrong because laterite soil is leached of lime and found in high-rainfall areas such as the Western Ghats. Option B is wrong because red and yellow soil is porous and poor in lime. Option C is wrong because saline soil carries excess salt and is found in dry and coastal areas.

Exam tip: black soil means Deccan basalt, cotton, moisture retention and self-ploughing cracks.

Practice Questions

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Q2.GeographyAsked in: CDS · CDS-II 2017, GKMedium

Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Himalayan rivers have their origin in the snow-covered areas, hence are dry in winter season. 2. Rivers of the Peninsular Plateau have reached maturity. 3. Himalayan rivers depict all the three stages of normal cycle of erosion. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

  1. A.2 only
  2. B.1 and 3 only
  3. C.2 and 3 only
  4. D.1, 2 and 3
Show answer
Correct answer: C. 2 and 3 only

Himalayan rivers are perennial, so statement 1 is wrong, while statements 2 and 3 are correct. Himalayan rivers such as the Ganga, Indus and Brahmaputra rise from glaciers and snowfields and also get monsoon rain, so they flow all year round, including in winter.

Q3.GeographyAsked in: CDS · CDS-II 2017, GKMedium

Which of the following statements related to latitude are true? 1. Rainfall, temperature and vegetation vary with latitude. 2. The difference between the longest day and the shortest day increases with latitude. 3. Indira Point is located approximately at 6°45' N latitude. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

  1. A.1 and 2 only
  2. B.1 and 3 only
  3. C.2 and 3 only
  4. D.1, 2 and 3
Show answer
Correct answer: D. 1, 2 and 3

All three statements about latitude are true. Latitude decides how directly the Sun's rays strike a place, so temperature, rainfall and the type of vegetation change from the equator towards the poles, from hot, wet rainforests to cold tundra.

Q4.GeographyAsked in: CDS · CDS-II 2017, GKMedium

Which of the following lakes is/are situated in Ladakh? 1. Tso Kar 2. Pangong Tso 3. Tsomgo 4. Tso Moriri Select the correct answer using the code given below.

  1. A.1 only
  2. B.2 and 3
  3. C.1, 2 and 4
  4. D.2 and 4 only
Show answer
Correct answer: C. 1, 2 and 4

Tso Kar, Pangong Tso and Tso Moriri are high-altitude lakes of Ladakh, while Tsomgo lies in Sikkim. Pangong Tso, at about 4,350 metres, is a long, narrow lake that stretches from Ladakh into Tibet, and most of its length lies on the Chinese side.