Article 76 of the Constitution of India deals with the office of the:

The correct answer is A, Lok Sabha. Article 75(3) says the Council of Ministers shall be collectively responsible to the House of the People, that is the Lok Sabha. Collective responsibility means the ministry stands or falls together: if the Lok Sabha passes a no-confidence motion, the whole Council of Ministers must resign, not only the minister whose work was questioned. This is the heart of the parliamentary system India borrowed from Britain. Article 75(4) adds that ministers are sworn in by the President, and Article 75(2) that they hold office during his pleasure, which is individual responsibility. B and C are wrong because the Rajya Sabha can criticise and question the government but cannot remove it; only the directly elected House can. D is wrong because the President appoints ministers on the Prime Minister's advice but the Council is not answerable to him. Exam tip: no-confidence motion lies only in the Lok Sabha.

The correct answer is C, Article 262. Article 262 lets Parliament provide by law for the adjudication of any dispute or complaint about the use, distribution or control of the waters of an inter-State river or river valley, and it also permits Parliament to provide that neither the Supreme Court nor any other court shall exercise jurisdiction in such a dispute; the Inter-State River Water Disputes Act of 1956 was enacted under it, and tribunals are set up under that Act. Option A is wrong because Article 256 obliges a State to exercise its executive power so as to ensure compliance with laws made by Parliament. Option B is wrong because Article 257 deals with the Union's control over States, including directions on communications of national importance and on the protection of railways. Option D is wrong because Article 263 creates the Inter-State Council, an advisory body, not a tribunal.

The correct answer is C, Public health and sanitation, which remains an entry of the State List. The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 moved exactly five subjects from the State List to the Concurrent List: education, forests, weights and measures, protection of wild animals and birds, and administration of justice with the constitution and organisation of all courts except the Supreme Court and the High Courts. Option A is wrong because education is the best known of those five transfers, and it is the reason both Parliament and the State legislatures now legislate on schooling. Option B is wrong because forests moved in the same year, which is why the Forest Conservation Act of 1980 is a central law. Option D is wrong because the establishment of standards of weights and measures was already a Union entry, and the State entry on weights and measures was shifted to the Concurrent List by this amendment.

The correct answer is A, Article 279A. The Constitution (One Hundred and First Amendment) Act, 2016 inserted Article 279A, under which the President constitutes the GST Council, chaired by the Union Finance Minister, with the Union Minister of State for Finance and a minister nominated by each State as members. Option B is wrong because Article 268A, which had dealt with service tax, was omitted by the same amendment. Option C is wrong because Article 246A is also a creation of that amendment but it confers the power to make laws on goods and services tax on both Parliament and the State legislatures; it does not create the Council. Option D is wrong because Article 269A provides for the levy and apportionment of GST on inter-State supplies. All four articles belong to the same amendment, so read the question for the body being asked about.

The correct answer is B. Article 280 requires the President to constitute a Finance Commission every fifth year, or at such earlier time as the President considers necessary, consisting of a chairman and four other members. It recommends the distribution of the net proceeds of shareable taxes between the Union and the States and among the States, the principles governing grants-in-aid out of the Consolidated Fund of India, and measures to augment the resources of panchayats and municipalities. Option A is wrong because Article 275 deals with statutory grants-in-aid to States, not with the Commission. Option C is wrong because Article 282 covers discretionary grants for any public purpose, made by the Union or a State. Option D is wrong because Article 293 is about State borrowing, which requires Union consent while a Union loan is outstanding.