Article 48A and Article 51A, clause g, relating to the protection of the environment, were inserted by which constitutional amendment?
- A.The Forty-second Amendment, 1976
- B.The Forty-fourth Amendment, 1978
- C.The Seventy-third Amendment, 1992
- D.The Eighty-sixth Amendment, 2002
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is A, the Forty-second Amendment of 1976. It added Article 48A to the directive principles, asking the state to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife, and Article 51A, clause g, to the fundamental duties, laying the same obligation on every citizen. The same amendment also shifted forests and the protection of wild animals and birds from the State List to the Concurrent List.
Option B, the Forty-fourth Amendment of 1978, undid several changes of the emergency period and removed the right to property from the fundamental rights. Option C, the Seventy-third Amendment of 1992, gave constitutional status to panchayats. Option D, the Eighty-sixth Amendment of 2002, made elementary education a fundamental right under Article 21A. Only the Forty-second Amendment carries the environmental provisions, and it is also the amendment that introduced the fundamental duties in the first place.
Read the full article: Environmental Laws and Bodies in India: Acts and PYQs
Practice Questions
View allOne of India's worst industrial disasters of all time occurred in Bhopal on December 1984, in which of the following factories?
- A.Exide
- B.Bharat Rasayan Limited
- C.Union Carbide
- D.UPL Limited
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On the night of 2 and 3 December 1984, methyl isocyanate gas leaked from the pesticide plant of Union Carbide India Limited at Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh, killing thousands of people and injuring many more.
Read the full explanation →The Red Data book which lists endangered species is maintained -
- A.UNO
- B.IUCN
- C.WHO
- D.WWF
Show answer
Founded in 1948 and based in Switzerland, it maintains the Red List of Threatened Species, which grades species as least concern, near threatened, vulnerable, endangered, critically endangered, extinct in the wild or extinct.
Read the full explanation →The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) was signed in the year-
- A.2000
- B.2001
- C.1998
- D.1999
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The Stockholm Convention was adopted in 2001 and came into force in 2004.
Read the full explanation →National Clean Air Programme was launched by the Central Government in which year?
- A.2018
- B.2017
- C.2020
- D.2019
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The National Clean Air Programme was launched by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change in January 2019 as a national framework to cut particulate pollution in cities that do not meet the national ambient air quality standards.
Read the full explanation →The Environment (Protection) Act, often described as an umbrella legislation, was enacted in which year?
- A.1974
- B.1981
- C.1986
- D.1991
Show answer
The Act was passed in the wake of the Bhopal gas tragedy and gives the central government a general power to take any measure it considers necessary to protect and improve the quality of the environment.
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