A joint sitting of both Houses of Parliament to resolve a deadlock over a Bill is provided by which Article?

The correct answer is B, Article 110. Article 110 lists the matters that make a Bill a Money Bill: taxation, borrowing by the Union, the custody of the Consolidated Fund and the Contingency Fund, appropriation of money from the Consolidated Fund, the declaring of expenditure charged on that Fund, and the receipt or audit of money on account of it. A Bill is a Money Bill only if it deals with nothing else. A, Article 109, is wrong because it does not define the Bill; it prescribes the special procedure a Money Bill follows, including introduction in the Lok Sabha alone and the fourteen-day limit on the Rajya Sabha. C, Article 112, is wrong because it deals with the annual financial statement, popularly called the Union Budget. D, Article 117, is wrong because it governs Financial Bills, which contain a matter of Article 110 along with other matters of general legislation.

The correct answer is C, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha. Article 110(3) says that if any question arises whether a Bill is a Money Bill, the decision of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha is final, and Article 110(4) requires the Speaker to endorse the certificate on the Bill when it is transmitted to the Rajya Sabha or sent for assent. The certificate cannot be questioned in any court or in either House. A, the President, is wrong because the President only recommends the introduction of a Money Bill and later gives assent to it. B, the Finance Minister, is wrong because a minister merely moves the Bill; the presiding officer, not the government, classifies it. D, the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, is wrong because the Rajya Sabha has no say in the classification, which is exactly why the Speaker's certificate is final.

The correct answer is B, 14 days. Under Article 109 a Money Bill passed by the Lok Sabha is transmitted to the Rajya Sabha, which may only make recommendations and must return the Bill within fourteen days. The Lok Sabha is free to accept or reject those recommendations, and if the Rajya Sabha fails to return the Bill within the period, the Bill is deemed to have been passed by both Houses in the form in which the Lok Sabha passed it. A, 7 days, is wrong; no stage of the procedure uses that period. C, 21 days, is wrong, though candidates confuse it with other constitutional periods. D, 30 days, is wrong; it is sometimes mixed up with the six-week limit for approving an ordinance after Parliament reassembles. The fourteen-day rule is the single most tested fact in this chapter.

The correct answer is C, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha. A joint sitting is summoned by the President but presided over by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha; if the Speaker is absent the Deputy Speaker presides, and in the absence of both the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha takes the chair. A, the President, is wrong because the President never presides over a sitting of Parliament and only addresses it under Article 86 or 87. B, the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, is a deliberate distractor: the Vice-President, as Chairman, does not preside over a joint sitting even though the Rajya Sabha is one of the two Houses meeting. D is wrong because the Constitution fixes an order of precedence among presiding officers and never falls back on seniority of members for a joint sitting.

The correct answer is B, a Constitution Amendment Bill. Article 368 requires each House to pass such a Bill separately by a special majority, and the Constitution provides no joint sitting for it; a Money Bill is also outside the scope of Article 108. A is wrong because the rejection of an ordinary Bill by the other House is one of the three grounds on which Article 108 expressly allows a joint sitting. C is wrong because a Financial Bill of Category I, although introduced only in the Lok Sabha on the President's recommendation, is in every other respect an ordinary Bill, so the Rajya Sabha may amend or reject it and a joint sitting may follow. D is wrong because a final disagreement over amendments to an ordinary Bill is the second ground listed in Article 108, and the Dowry Prohibition Bill of 1961 reached a joint sitting in just this way.