Environment & Ecology GK Questions with Answers – Page 4

Operation Olivia is the Indian Coast Guard's annual mission, begun in the early 1980s, to protect Olive Ridley turtles off the Odisha coast.

Both statements are correct, because Biodiversity Management Committees are the grassroots bodies through which India carries out access and benefit sharing.

Only statement 1 is correct: the Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act, 2016 creates CAMPA at both levels but does not make people's participation compulsory.

The Chambal River holds the largest wild population of gharials in the world and is protected as the National Chambal Sanctuary.

Sulphur dioxide is an air pollutant, not one of the greenhouse gases; in fact the sulphate particles it forms reflect sunlight and have a slight cooling effect.

The Ramsar Convention is the treaty for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources. It was signed on 2 February 1971 in the Iranian city of Ramsar on the Caspian Sea and came into force in 1975, which makes it one of the oldest global environmental agreements.

The National Green Tribunal was established in October 2010, and the 11th Plan ran from 2007 to 2012. The tribunal was created by the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010, which drew on Article 21's right to a healthy environment.

A carbon border adjustment exists to stop carbon-intensive activity from moving out of a strict jurisdiction, not to help it move, and its aim is to make climate policy work better.

Carbon fertilization is the rise in the rate of photosynthesis, and so in plant growth, when there is more carbon dioxide in the air.

The CCAC is not a G20 body, but it does target methane, black carbon and HFCs. The Climate and Clean Air Coalition was launched in February 2012 by the UN Environment Programme together with six countries: Bangladesh, Canada, Ghana, Mexico, Sweden and the United States.

A sustainability bond funds a mix of green and social projects from the same issue. The International Capital Market Association, whose principles most issuers follow, divides labelled bonds by the use of the money raised.

Both reports dealt with how to protect the fragile Western Ghats, a global biodiversity hotspot.

The Nature Restoration Law is a regulation of the European Union, adopted by its Parliament and Council in 2024. It is part of the European Green Deal and the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030.

Reef-building corals are marine animals and die in fresh water, so this statement is false. Corals are tiny polyps that build skeletons of calcium carbonate and live with algae called zooxanthellae inside their tissues.

The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve spreads across Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka. Set up in 1986, Nilgiri was India's first biosphere reserve, and in 2000 it became the first Indian reserve on UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves.

Biofuel and hydropower are renewable because nature replaces them within a human lifetime, while fossil fuels and uranium are not.

Ordinary plastics are non-biodegradable, so bacteria and fungi cannot break them down in any useful length of time. Most plastics, such as polyethylene, polypropylene and PVC, are long synthetic polymers made from petroleum.

The EPA names the burning of fossil fuels by power plants and other industrial facilities as the largest source of sulphur dioxide.

Nekton are animals large enough to be seen with the naked eye that swim actively and can move against water currents.

These salts are the usual seeding agents in cloud seeding, the artificial way to make rain. Cloud seeding sprays tiny particles into clouds that already hold moisture, from aircraft, rockets or ground generators.