NDA GK Questions 2026

India maintains two parallel chains of gallantry awards. For bravery in the presence of the enemy, that is in war, the order runs Param Vir Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra and Vir Chakra.

Born in Switzerland, she married an officer of the Indian Army, settled in India and studied its languages, art and traditions closely, and when the new republic needed its own decorations she was asked to design them.

The decoration was instituted on 26 January 1950, the day the Constitution came into force, but it was given effect from 15 August 1947 so that acts of gallantry performed from the day of independence onwards could be recognised.

On 3 November 1947 Major Sharma of the 4th battalion of the Kumaon Regiment held the village of Badgam near Srinagar with one company against a far larger raiding force, and by refusing to pull back he kept the Srinagar airfield from falling, on which the whole airlift of Indian…

Thomas Graham found in 1833 that a light gas spreads through a porous partition faster than a heavy one, and that the rates of two gases are in the inverse ratio of the square roots of their densities, and therefore of their molar masses.

At ordinary atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide has no liquid stage: the solid passes straight into vapour at about minus 78.5 degrees Celsius.

In a liquid the resistance to flow comes mainly from the attraction between neighbouring molecules. Heating gives the molecules energy to slip past one another, so the attraction matters less and the liquid thins; hot honey and warm engine oil pour far more easily than cold.

Evaporation is a surface phenomenon in which the fastest-moving molecules of a liquid break free. Doing so needs the latent heat of vaporisation, and that energy is drawn from the liquid left behind and from whatever the liquid touches, so both grow cooler.

This is the heat one gram of ice at 0 degrees Celsius must absorb to become one gram of water at 0 degrees Celsius; the temperature does not rise at all while it melts, because the energy goes into breaking the hydrogen-bonded lattice.

Bromine is a dark reddish-brown, dense, fuming liquid at ordinary room temperature, with a melting point of about minus 7 degrees Celsius and a boiling point of about 59 degrees Celsius.

Plasma is a hot, electrically conducting mixture of free electrons and positive ions produced when a gas is heated or strongly ionised.

Water contracts as it is cooled from higher temperatures like any other liquid, but only down to 4 degrees Celsius.

Boyle s law applies to a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature and states that pressure is inversely proportional to volume, so the product of the two is a constant: P1 into V1 equals P2 into V2.

In 1924 Satyendra Nath Bose sent Albert Einstein a paper deriving Planck s radiation law by counting indistinguishable light quanta.

A change of state is governed by the energy of the particles. When a solid absorbs heat its particles vibrate harder until the force holding them in the lattice is overcome and it melts; further heat lets the liquid particles escape as vapour.

Selvas is the name given to the equatorial rainforest of the Amazon basin, a multi storeyed evergreen forest of hardwoods such as mahogany, ebony and rosewood, with so many species mixed together that commercial logging of a single kind is difficult.

Hot deserts lie on the western margins of continents roughly between 20 and 30 degrees north and south, under the descending dry air of the subtropical high pressure belt.

The taiga is the belt of coniferous softwood forest between about 50 and 70 degrees latitude, and in the southern hemisphere that belt is almost entirely ocean: only the narrow tail of South America and a few islands reach it, which is far too little land for a continuous forest…

The Velds are the temperate grasslands of the high plateau of South Africa, where maize and cattle farming and the gold mining of the Witwatersrand go together.

The Llanos are the grasslands of the Orinoco basin in Venezuela and Colombia and the Campos those of the Brazilian highlands, and both lie in the savanna belt, where a hot wet season alternates with a sharply dry one and the grass grows tall and coarse with scattered thorny trees.