Defence GK Questions 2026

Both were inserted by the Seventh Amendment Act, 1956, which carried out the reorganisation of states on the recommendation of the States Reorganisation Commission.

It added Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santhali and brought the Eighth Schedule to twenty-two languages, where it still stands.

Sindhi was the first language added to the Eighth Schedule after the Constitution came into force, taking the list from the original fourteen languages to fifteen.

Part XVII is titled Official Language and runs from Article 343 to Article 351, in four chapters: the language of the Union, regional languages, the language of the Supreme Court and the High Courts, and special directives.

Article 343 opens Part XVII of the Constitution and provides in clause (1) that the official language of the Union shall be Hindi in the Devanagari script, with the international form of Indian numerals for official purposes.

He is credited with the Samaranganasutradhara on architecture and mechanics and the Saraswatikanthabharana on poetics, and with the Bhojashala at Dhar and the great lake and Shiva temple at Bhojpur.

The Chandelas ruled Jejakabhukti, the Bundelkhand region, from Khajuraho and Mahoba, and built the Khajuraho group of temples in the Nagara style between about 950 and 1050; the Lakshmana temple belongs to Yasovarman, the Vishvanatha temple to Dhanga and the great Kandariya Mahadeva temple to Vidyadhara.

In the First Battle of Tarain in 1191 Prithviraja III of Ajmer defeated Muhammad Ghori, who was wounded and carried from the field.

The Kavirajamarga, meaning the royal road of poets, is the earliest surviving work on poetics in Kannada and is attributed to Amoghavarsha I, in whose long reign the Rashtrakuta court at Manyakheta became a centre of Kannada and Jain learning.

The Kailasa temple at Ellora, cave sixteen, was cut downwards out of a single mass of rock in his reign in the eighth century and is the largest monolithic temple in the world, dedicated to Shiva and carved with scenes from the epics.

The Pala rulers were the last great royal patrons of Buddhism in India, and Dharmapala founded Vikramashila in present-day Bhagalpur district of Bihar and also revived Nalanda and founded Odantapuri.

He was raised to the throne about 750 by the chiefs of Bengal to end a period of disorder that the Khalimpur copper plate describes with the word matsyanyaya, the law of the fishes, in which the strong devour the weak.

Kannauj on the upper Ganga had been Harsha's capital, and whoever held it was accepted as the paramount power of north India, so the Gurjara-Pratiharas, the Palas and the Rashtrakutas fought over it for more than a century.

Rana Kumbha of the Sisodia house of Mewar was both a builder and a scholar: he raised the fort of Kumbhalgarh and the Vijaya Stambha at Chittorgarh and wrote on music, the Sangeet Raj being the best known of his works, along with commentaries on the Gita Govinda.

The Pratiharas held western India and Rajasthan, the natural route from Arab-held Sindh into the Ganga plain.

The Chahamanas, known in later tradition as the Chauhans, ruled from Shakambhari and then from Ajmer, and their most famous ruler was Prithviraja III, the Rai Pithora of the ballads, who defeated Muhammad Ghori at Tarain in 1191 and was defeated and killed by him there in 1192.

The Inland Vessels Act, 2021 replaced the Inland Steam Vessels Act of 1917, a colonial law under which every state registered vessels separately.

Sahibganj lies on the Ganga in the north-eastern corner of Jharkhand and its terminal was built to move coal and stone chips from the Rajmahal belt by water instead of road.

The Jal Marg Vikas Project, taken up with assistance from the World Bank, deepens the channel of the Ganga between Haldia and Varanasi and builds multi-modal terminals, jetties and navigation aids so that larger vessels can sail through the year.

Shipping and navigation on inland waterways declared by Parliament to be national waterways is a Union List subject, which is why a central Act is needed to declare each waterway.