IBPS GK Questions 2026

A digital signature is made by hashing the document and encrypting that digest with the signer's private key.

The Message Digest 5 algorithm takes an input of any length and returns a 128-bit digest.

RSA, named after Rivest, Shamir and Adleman, works with a linked pair of keys and takes its security from the difficulty of factorising the product of two large prime numbers; it is used both to exchange keys and to create digital signatures.

HTTPS is HTTP carried inside an SSL or TLS tunnel, and the port reserved for it is 443, which is why a padlock appears in the address bar when a site is reached on that port with a valid certificate.

SSL was developed by Netscape in the mid-1990s to encrypt the traffic between a web browser and a web server, and its successor, Transport Layer Security or TLS, standardised from 1999, is what actually protects websites now; the older name survives in common speech and in the phrase SSL certificate.

The defining feature of symmetric encryption is that a single shared secret key performs both operations: the sender encrypts the plaintext with it and the receiver decrypts the ciphertext with the very same key.

Symmetric encryption uses one shared secret key for both locking and unlocking data, and because it is the older and simpler of the two families it is variously called conventional, secret key or private key encryption.

The committee headed by the industrialist Baba Kalyani submitted its report on the special economic zone policy in 2018, arguing that the zones should be judged by the economic activity and employment they create rather than by exports alone, and recommending a new framework of employment and economic enclaves serving…

A supply to a developer or a unit of a special economic zone for authorised operations is a zero-rated supply, so the supplier either pays the tax and claims a refund or supplies under a letter of undertaking without paying it, and in either case the credit of the tax…

The central obligation of a zone unit is a positive net foreign exchange earning, that is the value of its exports must exceed the value of its imports, measured over a block of five years counted from the date the unit begins production, and not year by year.

Under the Act of 2005 proposals for a zone go to the Board of Approval in the Department of Commerce, which the Commerce Secretary chairs and on which the revenue, finance and other departments are represented; below it each notified zone has a Development Commissioner and a Unit Approval Committee…

The Export Credit Guarantee Corporation, founded in 1957 and first called the Export Risks Insurance Corporation, insures an Indian exporter against the commercial risk of a buyer failing to pay and the political risk of war, exchange restrictions or a ban in the buyer's country, and it also guarantees the…

The Export-Import Bank of India was set up in 1982 under the Export-Import Bank of India Act of 1981, as the country's apex institution for financing and promoting foreign trade; it lends to exporters, finances overseas buyers of Indian goods and operates the lines of credit extended by the Government…

The Directorate General of Foreign Trade works under the Department of Commerce in that ministry; it issues the importer-exporter code without which no one can trade across the border, administers the Foreign Trade Policy, and exercises powers under the Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation) Act of 1992.

The earlier merchandise exports scheme was held to be inconsistent with world trade rules because it gave an incentive directly on exports, so it was replaced by a scheme that only refunds the duties and taxes embedded in an exported product which no other scheme refunds.

The law deems a special economic zone to be outside the customs territory of India for trade operations, duties and tariffs, which is why a supply from the rest of the country into the zone is an export and a sale from the zone into the rest of the country…

The Special Economic Zones Act was passed by Parliament in 2005 and was brought into force in February 2006 together with the Special Economic Zones Rules, giving the zones a single law of their own in place of a chapter of the trade policy.

The Kandla export processing zone, set up in 1965 beside the port of Kandla, was the first such zone in Asia, and it was later converted into a special economic zone under the Act of 2005.

The correct answer is B, greenfield investment, the building of a new unit from the ground up, which adds fresh capacity and employment to the host economy.

The correct answer is B, the capital account, more precisely the capital and financial account, which records transactions that change a country's assets and liabilities abroad; investment flows, loans and banking capital all sit here.