Banking GK Questions 2026

National Women's Day in India is kept on 13 February, the birth anniversary of Sarojini Naidu, the poet called the Nightingale of India, who presided over the Kanpur session of the Congress in 1925 as its first Indian woman president and later became Governor of the United Provinces.

The United Nations observes 25 November as the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women, and the day opens the sixteen days of activism against gender-based violence that close on Human Rights Day, 10 December.

International Women's Day grew out of the women's labour movements of the early twentieth century, was observed by the United Nations during International Women's Year in 1975 and became a regular United Nations observance soon afterwards.

The International Labour Organization launched the World Day Against Child Labour in 2002 and fixed it on 12 June to focus attention on the extent of child labour and on the action needed to end it.

The United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution in December 2011 declaring 11 October as the International Day of the Girl Child, and the first observance was held in 2012.

National Girl Child Day was instituted by the Ministry of Women and Child Development and is observed on 24 January to draw attention to the sex ratio, to girls' education and to schemes such as Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, which was launched at Panipat on 22 January 2015.

The United Nations General Assembly adopted the Declaration of the Rights of the Child on 20 November 1959 and the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the same date in 1989, so World Children's Day, earlier called Universal Children's Day, is observed on 20 November.

Children's Day in India falls on 14 November, the birth anniversary of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, who was fond of children and was called Chacha Nehru.

The United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Paris on 10 December 1948, and the day has been observed on that anniversary ever since.

Nelson Mandela, the leader of the struggle against apartheid in South Africa and later its President, received the Bharat Ratna in 1990, the same year in which Dr B. R. Ambedkar was honoured posthumously.

The Bharat Ratna is a medallion shaped like a peepal leaf, about an inch and three-eighths wide, bearing a sun on the front with the words Bharat Ratna below it in Devanagari, and the State Emblem with the motto Satyameva Jayate on the reverse.

The Carnatic vocalist M. S. Subbulakshmi received the Bharat Ratna in 1998 and was the first musician in the list.

Article 18 abolishes titles and forbids the State from conferring any title except a military or academic distinction. The civilian awards survive because they are treated as decorations and not as titles, and for the same reason a recipient may not write Bharat Ratna before or after a name.

Until December 2011 the Bharat Ratna could be given only for art, literature, science and public service. The rules were then widened to cover any field of human endeavour, and in 2014 Sachin Tendulkar became the first sportsperson to receive the award, along with the scientist C. N. R. Rao.

The Pashtun leader Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, called the Frontier Gandhi and the founder of the Khudai Khidmatgar movement, received the Bharat Ratna in 1987 and was the first recipient who was not an Indian citizen.

Indira Gandhi received the Bharat Ratna in 1971, while she was Prime Minister, and she is the first woman in the list.

The original rules of 1954 did not allow a posthumous award; the provision was added in 1955, and the first person honoured after his death was Lal Bahadur Shastri, the second Prime Minister of India, in 1966, the year he died at Tashkent.

The first three recipients of the Bharat Ratna, all in 1954, were C. Rajagopalachari, the last Governor-General of India, the physicist C. V. Raman and the philosopher S. Radhakrishnan, who later became President.

The Bharat Ratna was instituted on 2 January 1954 by President Dr Rajendra Prasad, on the same day as the Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri, and the first awards were conferred later the same year on C. Rajagopalachari, C. V. Raman and S. Radhakrishnan.

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