UPSC Civil Services GK Questions 2026

Article 322 makes the expenses of the Union Public Service Commission, including the salaries, allowances and pensions payable to or in respect of its members and staff, charged expenditure on the Consolidated Fund of India.

It is the opening article of the group on Public Service Commissions and says that there shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for each state, with the further provision that two or more states may have a Joint Commission created by Parliament…

Article 317(1) provides that the chairman or any other member of a Public Service Commission, whether of the Union or of a state, shall be removed from office only by order of the President on the ground of misbehaviour, and only after the Supreme Court has held an inquiry on…

Article 321 allows additional functions to be conferred on a Public Service Commission, and it names two different authorities for the two kinds of Commission: Parliament may extend the functions of the Union Public Service Commission, while the legislature of a state may extend the functions of that state's Public…

Article 316(2) says that a member of the Union Public Service Commission holds office for a term of six years from the date on which he enters upon his office, or until he attains the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier.

The chairman of the Union Public Service Commission is removed by the President under Article 317, and for misbehaviour only after the Supreme Court has held an inquiry on the President's reference and reported against him.

He began the Self-Respect Movement in 1925 to free the non-Brahmin castes from priestly domination and ritual, promoting marriages without priests, widow remarriage and the use of Tamil in place of Sanskrit.

An Anglo-Indian teacher at Hindu College, Calcutta, he encouraged his students to question every received belief, and the group of radicals who gathered round him came to be called Young Bengal.

He founded the Prarthana Samaj, the prayer society, at Bombay in 1867 on lines close to those of the Brahmo Samaj, and it worked for widow remarriage, the education of women, the raising of the age of marriage and the removal of caste barriers.

Persuaded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy's campaign and by the evidence collected from the shastras, he issued the Regulation of 1829 that declared the burning or burying alive of Hindu widows to be culpable homicide, first in Bengal and then in the other presidencies.

Working among the Ezhavas of Kerala, he preached that caste had no place in religion, consecrated temples open to all castes, and in 1903 founded the Sri Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam, the SNDP Yogam, to carry the work forward.

He led the Aligarh Movement, held that the Quran was compatible with reason and modern science, founded the Scientific Society in 1864 and the journal Tahzib-ul-Akhlaq, and in 1875 opened the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College at Aligarh, which became the Aligarh Muslim University in 1920.

The Theosophical Society was founded at New York in 1875 by Madame H. P. Blavatsky and Colonel H. S. Olcott, and in 1882 it moved its international headquarters to Adyar, from where it spread the study of ancient Indian philosophy and revived pride in Hindu and Buddhist thought.

He founded the Mission in 1897 in the name of his teacher and established its headquarters at Belur Math near Calcutta in 1898, four years after his address to the Parliament of Religions at Chicago in 1893.

A Sanskrit scholar and principal of Sanskrit College, he argued from the shastras themselves that the remarriage of widows was permissible, petitioned the government and so brought about the Act of 1856; he also worked for girls' schools and against polygamy.

He founded the Satyashodhak Samaj, the society of truth seekers, in 1873 in Maharashtra to free the lower castes from Brahminical domination, and his book Gulamgiri of the same year compared their condition with that of slaves.

He founded the Arya Samaj at Bombay in 1875, held the Vedas to be the source of all true knowledge, rejected idol worship, priestly authority and hereditary caste, and set out his views in Satyarth Prakash.

He founded the Atmiya Sabha, a society of friends for religious and philosophical discussion, at Calcutta in 1815, and it was the first of his organised efforts against idol worship and empty ritual.

Reserves had been drained by years of current account deficits, by the rise in oil prices and the fall in remittances after the Gulf crisis, and by the withdrawal of deposits held by non-resident Indians, and at the worst point they could cover only a fortnight of imports.

The older law had treated size itself with suspicion and required large firms to obtain the government's approval before expanding, setting up a new undertaking or merging; the reforms of 1991 removed that requirement, and the Act of 2002 replaced the law altogether, shifting attention from the size of a…