UPSC Civil Services GK Questions 2026

The award was instituted in 1957 by the trustees of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund in memory of Ramon Magsaysay, President of the Philippines, who died in an air crash that year, and it is presented at Manila to persons of Asia for greatness of spirit in service to the people.

The Fields Medal was instituted in 1936 and is awarded every four years at the International Congress of Mathematicians, with the condition that the recipient be under forty on the first of January of that year, the purpose being to encourage further achievement rather than to crown a career.

The Abel Prize was established in 2002, the bicentenary of the birth of the Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel, first awarded in 2003 to Jean-Pierre Serre, and it carries no age limit, so it recognises a lifetime of work.

Sir John Templeton endowed the prize in 1972 for a living person who has made an exceptional contribution to affirming life's spiritual dimension, whether through insight, discovery or practical works, and he insisted that its value always exceed that of the Nobel Prize.

The Templeton Prize was established in 1972 by Sir John Templeton for exceptional contribution to affirming the spiritual dimension of life, and Mother Teresa, the founder of the Missionaries of Charity in Kolkata, received the very first award in 1973; she went on to win the Nobel Peace Prize in…

Balkrishna Vithaldas Doshi became the first Indian to win the Pritzker Prize when it was conferred on him in 2018; he had trained under Le Corbusier, and his works include the Indian Institute of Management at Bangalore and the Aranya low-cost housing at Indore.

The Pritzker Architecture Prize was founded in 1979 by Jay A. Pritzker and Cindy Pritzker through the Hyatt Foundation of the United States, and the first laureate in that year was Philip Johnson of the United States.

It hastens the ripening of fruit, encourages leaves and flowers to drop and is used commercially in the form of ethephon to ripen mangoes, bananas and tomatoes evenly; a ripe fruit kept with unripe ones ripens them because it gives off ethylene.

The potato is an underground stem tuber, and the proof is on its skin: the hollows called eyes are axillary buds with tiny scale leaves, and buds of this kind are never found on a true root.

Once fertilisation is complete, the ovary enlarges and ripens into the fruit, and its wall becomes the pericarp that may be fleshy, as in a mango, or dry, as in a pea pod.

Their pollen tube carries two male gametes into the ovule; one fuses with the egg to form the diploid zygote, which is syngamy, and the other fuses with the two polar nuclei to form the triploid primary endosperm nucleus, which is triple fusion.

A stamen is the male reproductive unit of a flower and has just two parts: a stalk called the filament and a swollen head called the anther, in which pollen grains are produced.

The gas is first fixed in the mesophyll cells by the enzyme PEP carboxylase on to a three-carbon acceptor, and the pathway is named after Hatch and Slack.

Here the ATP and NADPH made in the light reaction are spent on fixing carbon dioxide into carbohydrate.

In the light reaction, water absorbed by the roots is split in the presence of light and chlorophyll, a step called photolysis of water or the Hill reaction.

Chlorophyll is built on a ring structure with a single magnesium atom held at its centre, and because magnesium is needed to make the pigment, a plant short of magnesium develops chlorosis, the yellowing of leaves between the veins.

In photosynthesis a green plant absorbs sunlight through chlorophyll and uses that energy to join carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrate.

The correct answer is C, 500 GW by 2030, the first of the five Panchamrit commitments placed before COP26 in Glasgow in 2021, the others being half of India's energy requirement from renewables by 2030, a billion tonnes off projected emissions by 2030, a 45 per cent cut in the…

The Union Budget for that year announced the intention, the Government published a Sovereign Green Bonds framework in 2022, and the Reserve Bank of India auctioned the first tranche on the Government's behalf in January 2023, with the proceeds earmarked for renewable energy, clean transport, energy efficiency, sustainable water management…

Each designated consumer in an energy-intensive industry such as cement, steel, aluminium, fertiliser or thermal power is given a specific energy consumption target; a plant that beats its target earns ESCerts, and a plant that misses it must buy them, which the power exchanges make possible.