UPSC Civil Services GK Questions 2026

It was set up in 1988 on the recommendation of the Vaghul Working Group to deal in short-term instruments such as treasury bills and commercial bills and so give depth and liquidity to the money market; it later became a primary dealer.

Cash Management Bills were introduced by the Government of India and the Reserve Bank in 2010 to meet temporary mismatches in the government's cash flow, and they are issued for periods shorter than 91 days, sometimes for just a few weeks.

M1, narrow money, is the most liquid aggregate: currency, that is notes and coins, with the public, plus the demand deposits of banks, which are withdrawable at any time, plus other deposits with the Reserve Bank, a small residual item.

In a repo the bank that needs funds sells government securities to the Reserve Bank and simultaneously agrees to repurchase them a day or a few days later at a slightly higher price; the difference is the interest, and the rate charged is the repo rate, which is the policy…

An equity share has no maturity date at all; it represents ownership of a company for as long as the company exists, so it is the classic capital market instrument, issued in the primary market and traded on stock exchanges under SEBI's regulation.

Following the Vaghul Committee's recommendations on the money market, the Reserve Bank allowed scheduled commercial banks to issue negotiable certificates of deposit in 1989, and commercial paper followed a year later in 1990.

Call money is the overnight, unsecured borrowing between banks and primary dealers that lets a bank square its cash reserve position at the end of the day; the interest on it is the call rate, the most sensitive interest rate in the system.

These are the three tenors of treasury bills auctioned by the Reserve Bank, with the 91-day bill auctioned most frequently.

A treasury bill is an instrument of the government's short-term borrowing, and the Reserve Bank of India, as banker and debt manager to the government, issues it on the government's behalf through auctions.

By definition the money market is the market for short-term funds, and the dividing line drawn in India and everywhere else is a maturity of one year; anything longer belongs to the capital market.

M3, called broad money or aggregate monetary resources, is the measure the Reserve Bank watches most closely, and it adds the time deposits of the banking system to narrow money.

Statement I is right: commercial paper is an unsecured money market instrument issued in the form of a promissory note, so it is backed only by the credit standing of the issuer and not by any security.

It is defined purely in terms of rainfall: a significant deficiency of precipitation over an area compared with its long-period average, and it is the first stage from which the other kinds of drought follow.

It maintains forecasting stations on the major rivers and issues level and inflow forecasts to the State authorities, working with the rainfall data of the India Meteorological Department.

A tropical cyclone is driven by the latent heat released when water vapour condenses, so it needs a large warm ocean surface of at least about 27 degrees to supply enough moisture, along with sufficient Coriolis force, which is why cyclones do not form within about five degrees of the…

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 to 2030 was adopted at the Third United Nations World Conference held at Sendai in Japan in 2015, and it took the place of the Hyogo Framework for Action of 2005 to 2015, which had itself been adopted in Japan at Kobe…

After the Indian Ocean tsunami of 26 December 2004 the country set up a tsunami early warning centre at the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, which works at Hyderabad under the Ministry of Earth Sciences and uses a network of seismic stations, bottom pressure recorders and tide gauges…

The Disaster Management Act, 2005 makes the Chief Minister the ex officio Chairperson of the State Disaster Management Authority, just as the Prime Minister heads the national Authority; in a Union Territory the Lieutenant Governor or the Administrator takes that place.

Under the Disaster Management Act, 2005 the Prime Minister is the Chairperson of the NDMA, which may have other members not exceeding nine, one of them designated Vice-Chairperson; the parallel offices are held by the Chief Minister in a State Authority and the District Magistrate in a District Authority.

The Disaster Management Act, 2005 set up the National Disaster Management Authority, the State Disaster Management Authorities and the District Disaster Management Authorities, and provided for the National Disaster Response Force and the National Institute of Disaster Management.