State Exams GK Questions 2026

At the twenty-sixth Conference of the Parties, held at Glasgow in 2021, the Prime Minister announced five pledges that came to be called Panchamrit, the last of which was net zero emissions by 2070, together with targets on non-fossil energy capacity, the share of renewable energy, the cut in projected…

The updated first Nationally Determined Contribution submitted in August 2022 raised the promise on emissions intensity, the greenhouse gas emitted per unit of gross domestic product, to a 45 per cent reduction by 2030 against the 2005 level.

That body is the implementing arm of the Namami Gange programme for cleaning the river Ganga, created under the river conservation effort and not under the climate plan; its concern is pollution in one river basin rather than greenhouse gases.

The Green India Mission is written around two halves of 5 million hectares each: new forest and tree cover on 5 million hectares of land that does not carry forest, and an improvement in the quality of the forest already standing on another 5 million hectares, so the mission's total…

That ministry is the nodal ministry for climate change in the Government of India, coordinates the plan and its reporting to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and itself runs the National Mission for a Green India.

One of the five goals of the National Water Mission is a 20 per cent improvement in water use efficiency, alongside comprehensive water data, attention to areas most vulnerable to shortage, more recycling and better basin-level planning; the mission is handled by the Ministry of Jal Shakti.

PAT is the best known of that mission's four initiatives: large energy-using factories in notified sectors are set a target to reduce their specific energy consumption, and a unit that saves more than its target earns tradable energy saving certificates, which a unit that falls short must buy.

The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission was launched in January 2010 under the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, with an initial target of 20,000 MW of grid-connected solar power by 2022; the target was raised to 100 GW in 2015.

The plan of 2008 works through eight National Missions: Solar, Enhanced Energy Efficiency, Sustainable Habitat, Water, Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem, Green India, Sustainable Agriculture, and Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change.

The National Action Plan on Climate Change was released on 30 June 2008 by the Prime Minister's Council on Climate Change, and it set out the eight National Missions through which India would act on climate change at home.

Firmware is program code written into a read-only or flash memory chip on a device, so it stays with the hardware even when the power is off; the BIOS or UEFI on a motherboard, which starts the machine and hands control to the operating system, is the example papers name…

A compiler reads the whole source program written in a high-level language, converts it into machine code in one pass of work and reports all the errors it finds together, after which the compiled program runs quickly without the translator being present.

Bharat Operating System Solutions is built on Debian GNU/Linux by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, the research organisation under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology that is also known for the PARAM series of supercomputers; BOSS comes in versions for schools, for desktops and for servers, with…

The Linux kernel has been distributed under the GPL since its early versions, which is why anyone who ships a modified kernel must also make the modified source code available; this copyleft condition is the licence's defining feature.

Richard Stallman announced the GNU Project in 1983 to build a complete operating system made only of free software, and in 1985 he founded the Free Software Foundation to support it; he also wrote the GNU General Public License, which carries the copyleft condition that a modified version must be…

Linus Torvalds, then a student in Finland, wrote the Linux kernel in 1991 and released it under the GNU General Public License, which is why Linux is the standard example of open source software in question papers.

Shareware follows the try before you buy model: the publisher lets anyone download and use the program for a trial period, or in a version with some features locked, and asks for payment or registration if the user wants to go on.

Freeware costs the user nothing, but the licence allows only use: the source code stays with the owner, so the program cannot be studied, modified or redistributed in a changed form.

A defragmenter is a classic utility: it rearranges the scattered pieces of files on a disk so that the drive can read them in fewer movements, which is housekeeping work rather than work the user set out to do.

System software manages the machine itself and gives other programs a place to work: it includes the operating system, device drivers, the language translators and the utility programs.