State Exams GK Questions 2026

All seven members of the Indian Statutory Commission were British members of Parliament, among them Clement Attlee, and Indians of every party read this as a declaration that they were unfit to decide their own constitution; hence the boycott and the slogan 'Simon, go back'.

The annual session of the Indian National Congress held at Madras in December 1927, presided over by Dr M. A. Ansari, resolved to boycott the Simon Commission at every stage and in every form, and the same session passed a resolution on complete independence.

The British Government announced the Indian Statutory Commission in November 1927 under Sir John Simon to review the working of the Government of India Act, 1919; the commission itself reached Bombay on 3 February 1928 and submitted its report in 1930.

If two goods are perfect substitutes, such as two brands of identical salt, the consumer is willing to exchange them at a fixed rate whatever quantity he already holds, so the marginal rate of substitution is constant and a constant slope means a straight line.

The law of equi-marginal utility, called Gossen's second law and also the law of maximum satisfaction, says that a consumer distributes his income among goods so that the last rupee spent on each gives him the same marginal utility; he reaches that position by substituting the good with the higher…

In their joint work of 1934, and later in Hicks's Value and Capital, they replaced the measurement of utility with the ranking of preferences and rebuilt the theory of demand on indifference curves, the marginal rate of substitution and the budget line.

Equilibrium is the point at which the budget line is tangent to the highest indifference curve the consumer can reach, and at a point of tangency the slopes of the two are equal, which means MRS of X for Y equals Px divided by Py; a second condition is that…

The budget line is the equation Px·X + Py·Y = M, which on rearranging gives Y = M ÷ Py minus (Px ÷ Py)·X, so the intercept is income divided by the price of Y and the slope is the ratio of the price of the good on the horizontal…

If two curves crossed, the combination at the crossing point would belong to both and would therefore give two different levels of satisfaction at the same time, a logical contradiction; for the same reason they cannot even be tangent.

As a consumer moves down an indifference curve he holds more and more of the first good and less of the second, so each extra unit of the first is worth fewer units of the second to him; the slope therefore becomes flatter from left to right and the curve…

The marginal rate of substitution of X for Y is the number of units of Y a consumer is willing to give up to get one more unit of X while remaining on the same indifference curve, and it equals the ratio of the marginal utility of X to the…

Marginal utility is the addition made to total utility by one more unit, so as long as it is positive total utility keeps rising; the moment it becomes zero nothing more is being added and total utility stands at its highest point, called the point of satiety.

Marshall, in his Principles of Economics, built the theory of demand on the assumption that utility is measurable in imaginary units, so that a consumer can compare the ten utils of a cup of tea with the six utils of a samosa; from this assumption he derived the law of…

Salinity is the quantity of dissolved salts in a kilogram of sea water, expressed in parts per thousand, and isohalines map its distribution; the open ocean averages about 35 parts per thousand, while enclosed seas with high evaporation such as the Red Sea are far saltier and seas fed by…

The earth's orbit is an ellipse, so its distance from the sun changes through the year; at perihelion, about 3 January, the earth is nearest the sun, which is why the northern winter half of the year is slightly shorter than the summer half.

A contour, whose technical name is isohypse, joins all points standing at the same height above sea level and is the chief means of showing relief on a topographical sheet; contours drawn close together mean a steep slope, contours far apart a gentle slope, and contours that merge indicate a…

In Alfred Weber's least-cost theory of industrial location, isodapanes are drawn through all points at which the total transport cost, for assembling the raw materials and for distributing the finished product, is the same; the innermost isodapane marks the area of least total cost, where the plant should be sited.

The Isthmus of Panama joins North and South America and separates the Caribbean Sea from the Pacific, and the Isthmus of Suez joins Africa to Asia; both have been cut by canals precisely because they are narrow.

Magnetic declination is the angle between true north and magnetic north, and along the agonic line that angle is zero, so a compass needle there points to true north.

Isoseismal lines join points at which the shaking of an earthquake was felt with the same intensity, and because intensity falls away from the source, they are drawn as roughly concentric closed curves around the epicentre, the point of the surface vertically above the focus.