RRB NTPC GK Questions 2026

He invented stereolithography in the mid-1980s, in which a laser hardens liquid photopolymer resin point by point, and in doing so built the first working 3D printer; he also went on to found a company to sell the machines.

The name comes from the method: material is added layer upon layer under the control of a digital model until the object is complete, so that nothing has to be cut away.

A respite is the award of a lesser sentence than the one originally passed, granted because of some special circumstance personal to the convict, such as pregnancy or serious physical disability, and it is one of the six forms of clemency listed in Article 72.

The position was reaffirmed in Krishna Kumar Singh v. State of Bihar in 2017.

The Twenty-fourth Amendment of 1971 made it obligatory for the President to give assent to a bill amending the Constitution, so that neither assent may be withheld nor the bill returned.

Commutation changes the nature of the punishment itself, substituting a lighter kind for the one awarded, so that a death sentence becomes imprisonment for life or rigorous imprisonment becomes simple imprisonment.

Article 161 confines the Governor's power to offences against laws on matters to which the state's executive power extends, and it does not extend to pardoning a death sentence, which under Article 72 belongs to the President alone; a Governor also cannot touch a sentence passed by a court martial.

It empowers the President to grant pardon, reprieve, respite, remission, suspension or commutation of punishment in cases of a sentence by court martial, offences against laws on matters within the Union's executive power, and all cases of a sentence of death.

Under Article 111 the President may return a bill for reconsideration only if it is not a Money Bill; for a Money Bill the choice is confined to giving assent or withholding it.

The bill, which would have allowed the interception of postal articles, was neither assented to nor returned by President Zail Singh, who simply kept it pending, and it lapsed; this is the standing Indian illustration of a pocket veto.

A qualified veto is one that the legislature can override only by a special higher majority, such as two-thirds; it belongs to the American President and not to the Indian one, because when the Indian President returns a bill a simple majority in both Houses is enough to compel assent.

The arithmetic is worth learning. Article 85 requires that six months shall not intervene between the last sitting of one session and the first sitting of the next, so the longest an ordinance can run before Parliament reassembles is six months; Article 123 then allows it six weeks more from…

An ordinance must be laid before both Houses when Parliament reassembles, and it ceases to operate on the expiry of six weeks from the date of reassembly, or earlier if both Houses pass resolutions disapproving it.

It empowers the President to promulgate an ordinance when Parliament, or either House of it, is not in session and the President is satisfied that circumstances exist which make immediate action necessary; such an ordinance has the same force and effect as an Act of Parliament.

On 14 January 1761 the Afghan ruler Ahmad Shah Abdali defeated the Maratha army led by Sadashivrao Bhau, in which the young Vishwasrao was also killed, and the defeat ended the Maratha bid to succeed the Mughals as the paramount power of northern India.

Installed by the Company in place of Mir Jafar, Mir Qasim moved his capital from Murshidabad to Munger in Bihar precisely to put distance between himself and the Company's establishment at Calcutta, raised a new army and abolished the inland duties that the Company's servants were evading; the quarrel that…

He moved the seat of government from Faizabad to Lucknow and in 1784 built the Bara Imambara there as a famine relief work, employing thousands on it, and so began the age of nawabi Lucknow with its architecture, cuisine and courtly culture.

The Fourth Anglo-Mysore War closed with the storming of Seringapatam, Tipu Sultan's capital, in which he was killed on 4 May 1799; Mysore then passed to a restored Wodeyar ruler under a subsidiary alliance.

Mysore under Haidar Ali and then Tipu Sultan built iron-cased war rockets and organised regular rocket units, using them against the English in the Anglo-Mysore wars; specimens taken at Seringapatam were studied in England and shaped the rockets developed there.

Tipu openly identified with the French Revolution: he planted a Tree of Liberty at Seringapatam, allowed a Jacobin club to be formed there, let himself be addressed as a citizen and sought a French alliance against the English.