Which of the following shows the strongest force of attraction between particles?
- A.Water
- B.Iron rod
- C.Alcohol
- D.Oxygen gas
Show answer
Correct answer: B. Iron rod
Explanation
The correct answer is B, Iron rod. An iron rod is a solid, and the force of attraction between particles is strongest in the solid state.
In a solid the particles sit close together in fixed positions and can only vibrate, so a solid keeps its shape, has a definite volume and can hardly be compressed. In a liquid the attraction is weaker, so the particles slide over one another and the liquid takes the shape of its vessel while keeping its volume. In a gas the attraction is weakest and the particles move freely at high speed, so a gas fills any container and is easily compressed. The same order explains why solids have the highest density and gases the lowest.
Option A is wrong because water is a liquid with medium attraction. Option C is wrong because alcohol is also a liquid, and it evaporates faster than water. Option D is wrong because oxygen is a gas, where the attraction between particles is the weakest of all.
Exam tip: force of attraction is solid greater than liquid greater than gas, and the freedom of particles runs the other way.