Who among the following has given the concept of Human Development ?
- A.Amartya Sen
- B.Mahbub-ul-Haq
- C.Sukhamoy Chakravarty
- D.G.S. Chaddha
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is B, Mahbub-ul-Haq. The Pakistani economist Mahbub-ul-Haq gave the concept of human development and launched the first Human Development Report for the UNDP in 1990.
Haq argued that development should be judged by how far it widens people's choices to lead long, healthy and meaningful lives, not by income growth alone. To measure this he designed the Human Development Index, which combines three dimensions: a long and healthy life (life expectancy at birth), knowledge (years of schooling) and a decent standard of living (gross national income per head). The UNDP has published the Human Development Report every year or two since 1990. Amartya Sen worked closely with Haq and gave the idea its 'capabilities' foundation, but the concept and the index are credited to Haq.
A is wrong because Amartya Sen supplied the capability approach behind it, not the concept itself. C is wrong because Sukhamoy Chakravarty was an Indian planning economist known for work on the Plans. D is wrong because G.S. Chaddha has no link with the concept.
Exam tip: Human development and HDI: Mahbub-ul-Haq, UNDP, 1990; capability approach: Amartya Sen.
Practice Questions
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