Which one of the following statements with regard to volcanoes is not correct?
- A.Stratovolcanoes produce lava flows that initially follow valleys but are highly resistant to erosion.
- B.The surrounding areas can remain highlands, lava ridges or mesas.
- C.Hawaiian shield volcanoes are eroded by streams that form deeply carved valleys with steeply sloping heads.
- D.The system of streams on a dissected volcano cone is not a radial drainage pattern.
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is D, The system of streams on a dissected volcano cone is not a radial drainage pattern.. Statement D is the incorrect one: the streams on a dissected volcanic cone do form a radial drainage pattern.
A volcanic cone is high in the middle and slopes down on all sides, so streams flow outward from the summit in every direction, like the spokes of a wheel. This is the classic radial drainage pattern, seen on cones such as Mount Kilimanjaro. The other statements describe real features: lava flows that once filled valleys resist erosion and later stand up as ridges or mesas, an example of inverted relief, and the shield volcanoes of Hawaii are cut by deep valleys with steep amphitheatre-shaped heads.
A is a correct statement, since hard lava flows resist erosion. B is a correct statement, because such resistant lava leaves highlands, lava ridges or mesas. C is a correct statement about the deeply carved valleys of Hawaiian shield volcanoes.
Exam tip: Volcanic cone = radial drainage (streams flow out from a central high point); basin = centripetal.
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