Which Mughal ruler laid out the Aram Bagh, also called Ram Bagh, at Agra, the oldest surviving Mughal garden in India?
- A.Akbar
- B.Babur
- C.Jahangir
- D.Shah Jahan
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is B, Babur. Babur laid out the Aram Bagh at Agra in 1528, within two years of the first battle of Panipat, and it is the oldest Mughal garden that still survives in India. The Baburnama records his dislike of the heat and dust of Hindustan and his wish to build Persian style gardens with running water, and the Aram Bagh is exactly that, a charbagh on the bank of the Yamuna. Option A, Akbar, is wrong because Akbar is associated with Nasim Bagh at Srinagar and with the city of Fatehpur Sikri, not with the Agra garden. Option C, Jahangir, built Shalimar Bagh at Srinagar in 1619 and is the emperor most closely linked with the Kashmir gardens. Option D, Shah Jahan, built the garden of the Taj Mahal, the Mehtab Bagh and the Shalimar gardens of Lahore and Delhi, all much later than 1528.
Read the full article: Mughal Gardens and Famous Gardens of India: Notes
Practice Questions
View allShalimar Bagh at Srinagar was built in 1619 by which Mughal emperor?
- A.Akbar
- B.Jahangir
- C.Shah Jahan
- D.Aurangzeb
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Jahangir built Shalimar Bagh above the Dal Lake in 1619 for his queen Nur Jahan, and it is the largest of the Mughal gardens of Kashmir, laid out in terraces with the Diwan-e-Aam, the Diwan-e-Khas and a zenana garden.
Read the full explanation →Nishat Bagh at Srinagar, the Garden of Gladness, was laid out by whom?
- A.Dara Shikoh
- B.Ali Mardan Khan
- C.Asaf Khan, the brother of Nur Jahan
- D.Fidai Khan
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Nishat Bagh was laid out about 1633 by Abul Hasan Asaf Khan, Nur Jahan's brother and the father of Mumtaz Mahal.
Read the full explanation →The Pinjore Garden, now known as the Yadavindra Gardens, is located in which state?
- A.Punjab
- B.Haryana
- C.Himachal Pradesh
- D.Uttarakhand
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The Pinjore garden lies at Pinjore in Panchkula district of Haryana, on the road from Chandigarh to Shimla, and is a seven terraced Mughal garden laid out by Fidai Khan, the foster brother of Aurangzeb.
Read the full explanation →Which monument is regarded as the first garden tomb built in the Indian subcontinent?
- A.Akbar's tomb at Sikandra
- B.Humayun's Tomb at Delhi
- C.The Taj Mahal at Agra
- D.The tomb of Sher Shah Suri at Sasaram
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Humayun's Tomb was begun in 1565 by his widow Bega Begum, also called Haji Begum, with the Persian architect Mirak Mirza Ghiyas, and it is the first tomb in the subcontinent set at the centre of a charbagh crossed by water channels.
Read the full explanation →In Mughal architecture, the term charbagh refers to which feature?
- A.A garden built on four hillside terraces
- B.A garden divided into four parts by crossing walkways or water channels
- C.A group of four gardens built by four emperors
- D.A garden enclosed by four gateways
Show answer
Charbagh means four gardens, and the plan is a walled square or rectangle cut into four equal quarters by two axes that meet at the centre, where a tank, a platform or a tomb is placed.
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