Under which law are access and benefit sharing payments collected from users of biological resources?

The correct answer is Rs 9.68 crore. The National Biodiversity Authority received that amount from users of India biological resources in the half year from 1 April 2026 to 30 September 2026, under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, as amended in 2023, read with the Access and Benefit Sharing Regulations. Of this total, Rs 9.56 crore was paid specifically for access to biological resources by firms across sectors, with the small remainder coming from applications relating to intellectual property rights and other heads. Options A, C and D are deliberately close to the real figure, since questions on this release are most likely to turn on the exact amount rather than on a round number. A good way to fix it in memory is to pair the headline figure of Rs 9.68 crore with the access component of Rs 9.56 crore and with the leading sector, agri-seed, at Rs 7.16 crore.

The correct answer is agriculture and seeds. The agri-seed sector accounted for the largest share of the receipts at Rs 7.16 crore, well ahead of every other category. Option A, food and beverages, came second with Rs 1.59 crore. Option B, animal husbandry, was third at Rs 62.01 lakh. Option D, cosmetics, was among the smallest heads, at Rs 0.04 crore, alongside Red Sanders wood at Rs 0.06 crore and AYUSH at Rs 0.21 crore. That ordering is the most likely thing to be asked, because it shows which industries actually draw on the country biological wealth in commercial quantities. It also fits the list of resources behind the payments, which is dominated by crops such as chickpea, red lentil, green moong, horse gram, guar gum, okra and brinjal, alongside medicinal plants and soil micro-organisms.

The correct answer is M/s Synergia Life Science Ltd, whose payment of Rs 1.17 crore was the single largest one received in the period. The distinction worth holding on to is between the largest overall contributor and the largest single payment. Option A, M/s East West Seeds India Ltd, was the biggest contributor in total, paying roughly Rs 2.01 crore, but it did so across several instalments rather than in one payment. Option C, M/s Tata Chemicals Pvt Ltd, paid Rs 52.06 lakh, placing it among the significant contributors along with M/s Indena India at Rs 45.89 lakh, M/s Grow Indigo at Rs 45.79 lakh, M/s Novozymes South Asia at Rs 44.11 lakh and M/s Nongwoo Seed India at Rs 40.53 lakh. Option D, M/s Nunhems India Ltd, made upfront payments of about Rs 1.64 crore. Contributors also included entities from Sri Lanka, Germany, France, the Republic of Korea and Bhutan.

The correct answer is viaducts, which take about Rs 8,300 crore, the biggest single item in the structural break-up. Option A, animal underpasses, comes next at about Rs 4,600 crore, so a candidate who assumes the structure named after animals must cost the most gets the question wrong. Option D, tunnels, accounts for about Rs 2,800 crore. Option B, animal overpasses, is the smallest of these at about Rs 650 crore, with major bridges at about Rs 2,500 crore and minor bridges at about Rs 500 crore completing the list. Together these structures let animals cross highway corridors safely and keep habitats connected on either side. The total of more than 2,150 structures built or proposed, and the figure of over 300 km of guide fencing and noise barriers, are the other numbers worth carrying into the exam hall.

The correct answer is Nitin Gadkari, at a Chintan Shivir in Ekta Nagar, Gujarat. He is the Minister for Road Transport and Highways, and the document was released by him at that Chintan Shivir; the Authority then put it out to mark National Wildlife Week, observed from 2 to 8 October 2026. Option A is wrong because the Environment Ministry and the National Board for Wildlife had no part in this release, even though wildlife falls in that ministry’s domain, which is what makes the option tempting. Option C is wrong as no press conference by the Authority’s chairman is involved. Option D is wrong because no such conference at Gandhinagar features here; the Gujarat link in the news is Ekta Nagar, where the Chintan Shivir was held. Note also that the document is published on the NHAI website as a reference framework.